Kingdom Animalia Order Passeriformes Genus Myrmotherula Higher classification Myrmotherula | Phylum Chordata Family Thamnophilidae Scientific name Myrmotherula surinamensis Rank Species | |
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Similar Amazonian streaked antwren, Myrmotherula, Rufous‑bellied antwren, Pacific antwren, Rio de Janeiro antwren | ||
The Guianan streaked antwren (Myrmotherula surinamensis) is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in tropical South America where its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, tropical swamps, and heavily degraded former forest. It is a small, black and white streaked bird, the female being distinguished by its rufous-cinnamon head and buff underparts.
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Taxonomy
The Guianan streaked antwren was first described in 1788 as Sitta surinamensis by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin, but was later transferred to the genus Myrmotherula. It was at one time considered to be the same species as the Pacific antwren (Myrmotherula pacifica) and the Amazonian streaked antwren (Myrmotherula multostriata) but differences in their plumage and voice indicate that they are separate species.
Description
The Guianan streaked antwren has a maximum length of about 10 cm (4 in). The male is black with the upper parts streaked with white and two white wing bars. The underparts are whitish with a few black streaks. The female has a rufous-cinnamon head, black and white streaked upper parts, an orange-buff throat and pale buff underparts. This antwren's voice is an unmelodious rattle.
Distribution and habitat
The Guianan streaked antwren is native to the northeastern region of South America. Its range includes southern Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana and northern Brazil, to the north of the Rio Negro and the Amazon River. It is found in the middle and understoreys of seasonally flooded forests and permanently flooded areas as well as shrubby undergrowth in secondary forest at altitudes of up to 550 m (1,800 ft).
Ecology
Most antwrens forage in small mixed-species flocks, but both this species and the Amazonian streaked antwren are usually seen in pairs. It is an active bird, usually found not far from water including in mangrove areas, searching through dense foliage for insects and spiders.
Status
The Guianan streaked antwren has a wide distribution and is fairly common over parts of its range. Although its population has not been quantified, it is thought to be declining, particularly in Brazil where its habitat is being cleared to make way for cattle ranching and the cultivation of soybeans. It may not be adaptable to the breakup of its habitat into smaller areas, and for this reason, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "vulnerable".