Gs alpha subunit

Updated on Jan 11, 2024

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Symbol GNAS Entrez 2778 OMIM 139320		Alt. symbols GNAS1 HUGO 4392 RefSeq NM_000516

The G_s alpha subunit (G_αs, G_sα, or G_s protein) is a heterotrimeric G protein subunit that activates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. It is one of the three main families of G proteins: G_αi/G_αo, G_αq, and G_αs. A mnemonic for remembering this subunit is to look at first letter (G_αs = Adenylate Cyclase stimulator).

Receptors

The G protein-coupled receptors that couple to this kind of G-protein include:

5-HT receptors types 5-HT₄ and 5-HT₇

ACTH receptor a.k.a. MC2R

Adenosine receptor types A_2a and A_2b

Arginine vasopressin receptor 2

β-adrenergic receptors types β₁, β₂ and β₃

Calcitonin receptor

Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor

Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Dopamine receptors D₁-like family (D₁ and D₅)

FSH-receptor

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor

Glucagon receptor

Histamine H₂ receptor

Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor

Melanocortin receptor: MC1R, MC2R (a.k.a. ACTH receptor), MC3R, MC4R, MC5R

Parathyroid hormone receptor 1

Prostaglandin receptor types D₂ and I₂

Secretin receptor

Thyrotropin receptor

Trace amine-associated receptor 1

Function

The general function of G_s is to activate adenylyl cyclase, which, in turn, produces cAMP, which, in turn activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Further effects of G_s are thus found in function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

It provides a step in signal transduction. Amplification of the signal occurs for instance because the receptor activates several G_s. However, each G_s activates only one adenylate cyclase.

References

Gs alpha subunit Wikipedia

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Contents

Receptors

Function

References