Name Pelican Type Galleon Launched 1577 Owner Christopher Hatton | Renamed Golden Hind(e) (1578) Tonnage 100–150 tons Weight 304.8 tons | |
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Sponsored by Queen Elizabeth I of England Fate Disintegrated and broken up in late 1600s; two replicas exist Address 1, Pickfords Wharf, Clink St, London SE1 9DG, UK Hours Open today · 10AM–5:30PMThursday10AM–5:30PMFriday10AM–5:30PMSaturday10AM–5:30PMSunday10AM–5:30PMMonday10AM–5:30PMTuesday10AM–5:30PMWednesday10AM–5:30PM Similar Cutty Sark, HMS Belfast, The Clink, London Dungeon, HMS Victory | ||
The golden hind replica london
Golden Hind was an English galleon best known for her privateering circumnavigation of the globe between 1577 and 1580, captained by Sir Francis Drake. She was originally known as Pelican, but was renamed by Drake mid-voyage in 1578, in honour of his patron, Sir Christopher Hatton, whose crest was a golden 'hind' (a female red deer). Hatton was one of the principal sponsors of Drake's world voyage. There are two full size replicas in existence, one in Brixham, Devon, and a second in London
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History
In 1577, Queen Elizabeth partly sponsored Sir Francis Drake as the leader of an expedition intended to pass around South America through the Strait of Magellan and to explore the coast that lay beyond. The queen's support was advantageous; Drake had official approval to benefit himself and the queen as well as to cause the maximum damage to the Spaniards. This would eventually culminate in the Anglo–Spanish War. Before setting sail, Drake met the queen face-to-face for the first time and she said to him, "We would gladly be revenged on the King of Spain for divers injuries that we have received." The explicit object was to "find out places meet to have traffic." Drake, however, acted as a privateer, with unofficial support from Queen Elizabeth.
He set sail in December 1577 with five small ships, manned by 164 men, and reached the Brazilian coast in early 1578. Drake's flagship, Pelican, which he renamed Golden Hind, displaced only about 100 tons.
On 1 March 1579, now in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Ecuador, Golden Hind challenged and captured the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de la Concepción. This galleon had the largest treasure captured to that date: over 360,000 pesos (equivalent to around £480m in 2017). The six tons of treasure took six days to transship and included 26 tons of silver, half a ton of gold, porcelain, jewellery, coins and jewels.
On 26 September 1580, Francis Drake sailed his ship into Plymouth Harbour with only 56 of the original crew of 80 left aboard, the ship was unloaded at Saltash Castle nearby where the treasure offloading was supervised by the Queens guards. Over half of the proceeds went to the Queen and country and were used to pay off the annual debt in its entirety, Queen Elizabeth I herself went aboard Golden Hind, which was then permanently at Deptford on the Thames Estuary, where she had requested it be placed on permanent display as the first 'museum ship'. There she shrewdly asked the French ambassador to bestow a knighthood on Drake. her share of the treasure came to at least £160,000: "enough to pay off her entire government debt and still have £40,000 left over to invest in a new trading company for the Levant. Her return and that of other investors came to more than £47 for every £1 invested, or a total return of 4700%."
After Drake's circumnavigation, Golden Hind was maintained for public exhibition. The Golden Hind remained there from 1580 to approximately 1650 (some 45 years after Queen Elizabeth had died) before she eventually rotted away and was finally broken up.
A table, known as the cupboard (pronounced "cup-board"), in the Middle Temple Hall (in London) is reputed to have been made from the wood of Golden Hind, as is a chair in the Bodleian Library in Oxford (with a replica in the Great Hall, Buckland Abbey, Devon, Drake's home and now maintained by the National Trust. Upon the cupboard is placed the roll of members of Middle Temple, which new members sign when they are called to the Bar. The ship's lantern was hung in the vestibule of Middle Temple Hall but was destroyed during the Second World War .
Replica in Essex
A replica of Golden Hind was constructed at Peter Pan's Playground (now Adventure Island (amusement park)), Southend-on-Sea, Essex. It was constructed from 1947 and opened in 1949 together with a waxworks. It was popular at first, but by 1992 attendances had dropped; rising maintenance costs together with the need for major renovation to the wooden structure caused its closure in 1997. The ship was replaced by a replica of Blackbeard's Queen Anne's Revenge. This ship was demolished in 2013.
Replicas in Devon
A tourist attraction replica of Golden Hind has been permanently moored in the harbour of the sea port of Brixham in Devon (50°23′48″N 3°30′46″W) since 1963 following its use in the TV series Sir Francis Drake, which was filmed in and around the bays of Torbay and Dartmouth. The replica ship used in the TV series cost £25,000 to construct and had no rear gallery. The ship was sunk whilst under tow in 1987 to Dartmouth for restoration in heavy seas and could not be saved. A second full size replica was completed in 1988 and stands in the harbour welcoming thousands of visitors annually.
London replica - the Golden Hinde
A full-size reconstruction of the ship Golden Hinde was built by traditional handcraft in Appledore, North Devon and launched in 1973. Golden Hinde was the result of three years research and construction. Since then she has travelled more than 140,000 miles (225,000 km). She sailed from Plymouth on her maiden voyage in late 1974, arriving on May 8, 1975 in San Francisco. In 1979 she sailed to Japan to make the movie Shogun, after which she returned to the UK having completed a circumnavigation. Between 1981 and 1984, she was berthed in England and was established as an educational museum. In 1984–85 she sailed around the British Isles and then crossed the Atlantic to St Thomas in the Caribbean. In 1986, she passed through the Panama Canal to sail on to Vancouver where she was the main attraction in the Marine Plaza at Expo86. In 1987, she began a tour of US coastal cities spending two years on the Pacific coast. In late 1988 she passed back through the Panama Canal to continue port visits on the Gulf and East Coasts of the USA. In 1992 she returned home to the UK and spent the next four years visiting ports in Europe. Since 1996 she has been berthed at St Mary Overie Dock, in Bankside, Southwark, London where she is open to the public and hosts a range of educational programmes.