Glacialisaurus

Glacialisaurus is a genus of massospondylid sauropodomorph dinosaur. It lived during the Early Jurassic period in what is now central Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. It is known from the holotype FMNH PR1823, a partial hind limb (foot) and from the referred material FMNH PR1822, a left femur. It was discovered and collected in the tuffaceous siltstones and mudstones of the lower part of the Hanson Formation, in Mount Kirkpatrick. It was first named by Nathan Smith and Diego Pol in 2007 and the type species is Glacialisaurus hammeri. The generic name, Glacialisaurus, is derived from the Latin word glacialis, meaning "icy" or "frozen", in reference to the Beardmore Glacier region in the Central Transantarctic Mountains, where the fossil remains were found. The specific name, G. hammeri, honors Dr. William R. Hammer of Augustana College, who made major contributions to both paleontology and Antarctic research.

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In their phylogenetic analysis of the relationships of Glacialisaurus, Smith and Pol found that it is a massospondylid, a non-eusauropod sauropodomorph more advanced than other forms such as Saturnalia and Plateosaurus. Features of its foot are similar to Lufengosaurus (from the Early Jurassic of China), and the phylogenetic study suggests that Lufengosaurus may have been a close relative of Glacialisaurus, whereas other massospondylids such as Coloradisaurus and Massospondylus found to be more basal forms. Recent cladistic analyses by Yates (2007), Yates et al. (2010, 2011) and Novas et al. (2011) found the same results. The discovery of Glacialisaurus is important to the study of the early distribution of sauropod dinosaurs. The presence of this primitive sauropodomorph in the Hanson Formation (which has also yielded remains attributed to true sauropods) shows that both primitive and advanced members of this lineage existed side by side in the early Jurassic Period.