Country Latvia, Estonia Basin size 9,800 km (3,800 sq mi) Source elevation 234 m Mouth Carnikava | Main source Vidzeme highland Length 452 km Source Vidzeme Upland Countries Latvia, Estonia | |
 | ||
River mouth Gulf of Riga at Carnikava Bridges Gauja River Railway Bridge | ||
Europe latvia gauja national park bridge river flow videoscape 1h 19th of july 2015
The Gauja River (Estonian: Koiva jõgi, German: Livländische Aa) is a river in Vidzeme, Latvia. It is the only large river of Latvia that begins and ends its flow in Latvia. Its length is 460 km, of which 1/5 or 93.5 km are in the Gauja National Park. In this part, the Gauja River flows through a spacious ancient Gauja valley, which is 1 to 2.5 km wide, and the maximum depth near Sigulda is 85 m. The sandstone rocks on the banks of the Gauja and its adjoining rivers started forming 370 to 300 million years ago during the Devonian period.
Contents
- Europe latvia gauja national park bridge river flow videoscape 1h 19th of july 2015
- Map of Gauja
- Europe latvia gauja national park river stream videoscape 4th of october 2015
- History
- Today
- References
Map of Gauja
Europe latvia gauja national park river stream videoscape 4th of october 2015
History
Before 13th century the Gauja River used to serve as a trade route and border river between the Livonian and Latgalian lands. In some territories, they used to live mixed together. When Livonian languages were still present along the Gauja River and the sea, it used to be called Koivo (the Saint River). In Latvian, the name of the Gauja River used to mean 'a great amount', 'a crowd', and was therefore called the 'big river'. The Livonians suffered greatly during the Great Northern War and following plague in the 18th century. That was the period when the remaining Livonians assimilated with the Latvians.
Today
The Gauja River tends to change its bed rapidly. Therefore, it has gained the reputation of being deceitful. The bed of the river is made of unconsolidated sand and gravel deposits that move along with the current. In some places, the bed is pebbly, thus forming impressive boulder rapids: Kazu, Raiskuma, Rakšu, and Ķūķu. The bottom of the river in Gauja National Park is 60 to 120 meters wide with a rapidly changing depth from 0.3 m to 7 m. The decline is 0.5 m/km. The speed of flow during low water is 0.2 to 0.4 m/s, and during the spring water period 2 to 3 m/s. Due to the fluctuations in water level, current speed, and special flow features, the Gauja River may be characterized as a rather non-homogeneous watercourse.
Usually the Gauja River freezes over in the mid-December, and the ice starts moving in late March. During warm winters, the river does not freeze over. Much underground water flows into the Gauja River. It therefore has a lower water temperature than other large rivers in Latvia.