The Gairdner Foundation International Award, now renamed the Canada Gairdner International Award, is given annually at a special dinner to three to six people for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science. Receipt of the Gairdner is traditionally considered a precursor to winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine; as of 2012, 72 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to prior Gairdner recipients. Gairdner Foundation Awards are given annually in the amount of $100,000 (each) payable in Canadian funds. They can be awarded to residents of any country in the world. A joint award may be given for the same discovery or contribution to medical science, but in that case each awardee receives a full prize.
Past winners are:
1959 Alfred Blalock, Charles A. Ragan, Harry M. Rose, William D.M. Paton, Eleanor Zaimis, Wilfred G. Bigelow1960 Joshua Harold Burn, John H. Gibbon Jr., William F. Hamilton, John McMichael, Karl Meyer, Arnold Rice Rich1961 Russell Brock, Alan C. Burton, Alexander B. Gutman, Jonas H. Kellgren, Ulf S. von Euler1962 Francis H.C. Crick, Albert H. Coons, Clarence Crafoord, Henry G. Kunkel, Stanley J. Sarnoff1963 Murray L. Barr, Jacques Genest, Irvine H. Page, Pierre Grabar, C. Walton Lillehei, Eric G.L. Bywaters1964 Seymour Benzer, Karl H. Beyer Jr., Deborah Doniach, Ivan M. Roitt, Gordon D.W. Murray, Keith R. Porter1965 Jerome W. Conn, Robin R.A. Coombs, Charles Enrique Dent, Charles P. Leblond, Daniel J. McCarty, Frederick Horace Smirk1966 Rodney R. Porter, Geoffrey S. Dawes, Charles B. Huggins, Willem J. Kolff, Luis F. Leloir, Jacques F.A.P. Miller, Jan Waldenström1967 Christian DeDuve, Marshall W. Nirenberg, George E. Palade, Julius Axelrod, Sidney Udenfriend, D. Harold Copp, Iain MacIntyre, Peter J. Moloney, J. Fraser Mustard1968 Bruce Chown, James L. Gowans, George H. Hitchings, Jacques Oudin, J. Edwin Seegmiller1969 Frank J. Dixon, John P. Merrill, Belding H. Scribner, Robert B. Salter, Earl W. Sutherland, Ernest A. McCulloch, F. Mason Sones, James E. Till1970 Vincent P. Dole, W. Richard S. Doll, Robert A. Good, Niels K. Jerne, Robert B. Merrifield1971 Charles H. Best, Rachmiel Levine, Frederick Sanger, Donald F. Steiner, Solomon A. Berson, Rosalyn S. Yalow1972 Sune Karl Bergström, Britton Chance, Oleh Hornykiewicz, Robert Russell Race, Ruth Sanger1973 Roscoe O. Brady, Denis P. Burkitt, John Charnley, Kimishige Ishizaka, Teruko Ishizaka, Harold E. Johns1974 David Baltimore, Howard M. Temin, Hector F. DeLuca, Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Hans J. Müller-Eberhard, Juda Quastel1975 Ernest Beutler, Baruch S. Blumberg, Henri G. Hers, Hugh E. Huxley, John D. Keith, William Thornton Mustard1976 Sir Godfrey N. Hounsfield, Thomas R. Dawber, William B. Kannel, Eugene P. Kennedy, George Klein, George D. Snell1977 K. Frank Austen, Cyril A. Clarke, Jean Dausset, Henry G. Friesen, Victor A. McKusick1978 Sydney Brenner, Jean-Pierre Changeux, Donald S. Fredrickson, Samuel O. Freedman, Phil Gold, Edwin G. Krebs, Elizabeth C. Miller, James A. Miller, Lars Terenius1979 Sir James W. Black, George F. Cahill Jr., Walter Gilbert, Elwood V. Jensen, Frederick Sanger, Charles R. Scriver1980 Paul Berg, Irving B. Fritz, H. Gobind Khorana, Efraim Racker, Jesse Roth, Michael Sela1981 Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein, Wai Yiu Cheung, Jerry H-C. Wang, Georges J. Köhler, César Milstein, Elizabeth F. Neufeld, Saul Roseman, Bengt Samuelsson1982 Gilbert Ashwell, Günter Blobel, Arvid Carlsson, Paul Janssen, Manfred M. Mayer1983 Donald A. Henderson, Bruce N. Ames, Gerald D. Aurbach, John A. Clements, Richard K. Gershon, Susumu Tonegawa1984 J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus, Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell, Yuet Wai Kan, Kresimir Krnjevic, Robert L. Noble1985 Stanley Cohen, Paul C. Lauterbur, Raymond U. Lemieux, Mary F. Lyon, Mark Ptashne, Charles Yanofsky1986 Jean-Francois Borel, James E. Darnell, Philip A. Sharp, Adolfo J. de Bold, T. Geoffrey Flynn, Harald Sonnenberg, Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Michael Smith1987 René G. Favaloro, Robert C. Gallo, Luc Montagnier, Walter J. Gehring, Edward B. Lewis, Eric R. Kandel, Michael G. Rossmann1988 Albert J. Aguayo, Michael J. Berridge, Yasutomi Nishizuka, Thomas R. Cech, Michael A. Epstein, Robert J. Lefkowitz1989 Mark M. Davis, Tak W. Mak, Jean-Marie Ghuysen, Louis M. Kunkel, Ronald G. Worton, Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann1990 Francis S. Collins, John R. Riordan, Lap-Chee Tsui, Victor Ling, Oliver Smithies, Edwin M. Southern, E. Donnall Thomas1991 Sydney Brenner, John E. Sulston, M. Judah Folkman, Robert F. Furchgott, David H. MacLennan, Kary B. Mullis1992 Leland H. Hartwell, Yoshio Masui, Paul M. Nurse, Richard Peto, Bert Vogelstein, Robert A. Weinberg1993 Mario R. Capecchi, Oliver Smithies, Alvin R. Feinstein, Stanley B. Prusiner, Michel M. Ter-Pogossian1994 Pamela J. Bjorkman, Don C. Wiley, Tony Hunter, Anthony J. Pawson, Donald Metcalf1995 Bruce Alberts, Arthur Kornberg, Roger Y. Tsien1996 Robert S. Langer, Barry J. Marshall, James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, Janet Rowley1997 Corey S. Goodman, Erkki Ruoslahti, Richard O. Hynes, Alfred G. Knudson Jr.1998 Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Giuseppe Attardi, Walter Neupert, Gottfried Schatz1999 Avram Hershko, Alexander J. Varshavsky, Robert Horvitz, Andrew Wyllie2000 Jack Hirsh, Roger D. Kornberg, Robert G. Roeder, Alain Townsend, Emil Unanue2001 Clay Armstrong, Bertil Hille, Roderick MacKinnon, Marc Kirschner2002 Phil Green, Eric Lander, Maynard V. Olson, John E. Sulston, J. Craig Venter, Michael S. Waterman, Robert Waterston, Jean Weissenbach, Francis Collins (Award of Merit), James D. Watson (Award of Merit)2003 Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck, Wayne Hendrickson, Seiji Ogawa, Ralph M. Steinman2004 Seymour Benzer, R. John Ellis, F. Ulrich Hartl, Arthur L. Horwich, George Sachs2005 Jeffrey M. Friedman, Douglas L. Coleman, Craig C. Mello, Andrew Z. Fire, Brenda Milner, Endel Tulving2006 Ralph L. Brinster, Ronald M. Evans, Alan Hall, Thomas D. Pollard, Joan A. Steitz2007 C. David Allis, Kim A. Nasmyth, Dennis J. Slamon, Harry F. Noller, Thomas A. Steitz2008 Victor Ambros, Harald zur Hausen, Gary Ruvkun, Nahum Sonenberg, Samuel Weiss2009 Peter Walter, Kazutoshi Mori, Lucy Shapiro, Richard Losick, Shinya Yamanaka2010 William A. Catterall, Pierre Chambon, William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J Ratcliffe, Gregg L. Semenza2011 Adrian Peter Bird, Howard Cedar, Aharon Razin, Jules A. Hoffmann, Shizuo Akira2012 Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, Michael W. Young, Thomas Jessell, Jeffrey V. Ravetch2013 Harvey J. Alter, Daniel W. Bradley, Michael Houghton (award declined), Stephen Joseph Elledge, Gregory Winter2014 James P. Allison, Titia de Lange, Marc Feldmann, Ravinder Nath Maini, Harold F. Dvorak, Napoleone Ferrara2015 Lewis C. Cantley, Michael N. Hall, Lynne E. Maquat, Yoshinori Ohsumi, Shimon Sakaguchi2016 Feng Zhang, Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Philippe Horvath, Rodolphe Barrangou
