Francisco Tomás y Valiente

Francisco Tomás y Valiente (8 December 1932-14 February 1996) was a Spanish professor of the history of Law who presided Spain's Constitutional Court for two terms (1986-1992). He was assassinated by ETA in 1996.

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His killing led to between 850,000 and a million people marching in protest through Madrid, headed by the then prime minister, Felipe Gonzalez, and the leaders of the mainstream political parties.

Regarding the definition of "state", Tomás y Valiente declared that without a state there could be neither Law nor rights, only chaos ("Sin Estado no hay ni Derecho ni derechos, solo hay caos"). Likewise, as an expert in the history of Law, he was convinced that the Law does not suffice without goodwill, and he was especially concerned about two particular risks, of four, that he perceived in Spain's political system: the lack of goodwill in co-operating and the autonomous communities' haste in reaching their maximum degree of autonomy.