Fire Beacon Hill is a Local Nature Reserve in East Devon, England. It is registered as Common land and known as Harpford Common. Sidmouth Town Council are the current owners, and are responsible for the management of the site.
The site is part of the East Devon dissected plateau, composed of calcerous upper greensand capped by clay, Flints and chert, and overlying Keuper marls.
The north part of the site is 225 metres above sea level and the ground slopes steeply to the south down to 150 metres.
The site contains
Lowland heath a rare Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)habitat
Wet woodland also a rare BAP habitat
Ling Calluna vulgaris - the most common species of heather. 4 Corolla (flower petals) and Calyx unlike Erica which are bell shaped
Bell heather Erica cinerea - leaves in whorls of 3
Cross leaved heath Erica tetralix - leaves in whorls of 4
European gorse
Western gorse Ulex gallii - Lower growing and more spreading than European Gorse
Bristle bent Agrostis curtisii - fine leaves, grows in tufts
Purple moor grass Molinia caerulea - a BAP habitat species
Bracken Pteridium aquilinum - threatens to dominate the areas where it is found
Common bluebell
Sheep sorrell Rumex acetosella
Bramble Rubus fruticosus
Foxglove Digitalis purpurea
Some recolinising by heath bedstraw Galium saxatile, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, tormentil Pontentilla erecta, and heath milkwort Polygala serpyllifolia
Alder, beech, birch, holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana, oak Quercus robur, willow
Grayling (butterfly)
Yellowhammer
Dartford warbler - as a Mediterranean bird, it can be found in the heather and gorse as these offer relatively warm microclimates for them.
European stonechat - can be found on the tops of bushes.
Common raven
Linnet - favours low down thorny bushes and scrub, with good supply of small-sized seed
Eurasian bullfinch-nests in tall hedges more than 4 metres high and wide, and prefers fruit seed
European nightjar - nests on the ground and is well camouflagued. Waving a white handkerchief is said to attract them.
Common buzzard
Adder Vipera berus- mates mid-May and gives birth between July and October
Common lizard Lacerta vivipara
Fox Vulpes vulpes, badger Meles meles, roe deer Capreolus capreolus
Deer grass Muhlenbergia rigens
Fire Beacon Hill was the site of one the beacons set up to warn Elizabethan London of the approaching Spanish Armada
It was part of open heathland that once stretched from Honiton to Sidmouth. The rest of the land was taken for conifer plantations. The site is now seen by environmental organisations as a potential seed bank and species reservoir for future heathland restoration and re-creation projects.
An apple tree can be found on the southern side. Fruit trees were used as landmarks as far back as Saxon times.
Fire Beacon Hill was described in the Journals of the Reverend John Swede who travelled through it on horseback in 1795. He describes for example a hedgerow of beech, which is now a remnant in the form of a few trees.
In June 1993 a balloon crashed into a power line above the site. The resulting intense fire sterilised the soil.
Public recreation and access
The site is open to the public and is used for recreation and education. Being on top of a hill near the Jurassic coast (one of the World Heritage Sites), the fine views give the site a high aesthetic appeal.
The East Devon Way footpath runs from north to south across the site.
