Harman Patil (Editor)

Eastern Nilotic languages

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Subdivisions:
  
Bari Teso–Lotuko–Maa

Glottolog:
  
east2418

Geographic distribution:
  
southwestern Ethiopia, eastern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, western Kenya, northern Tanzania

Linguistic classification:
  
Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic Kir–Abbaian Nilotic Eastern Nilotic

The Eastern Nilotic languages are one of the three primary branches of the Nilotic languages, themselves belonging to the Eastern Sudanic subfamily of Nilo-Saharan; they are believed to have begun to diverge about 3,000 years ago, and have spread southwards from an original home in Equatoria in South Sudan. They are spoken across a large area in East Africa, ranging from Equatoria to the highlands of Tanzania. Their speakers are mostly cattle herders living in semi-arid or arid plains.

Contents

Classification

According to Vossen (1982), the Eastern Nilotic languages are basically classified as follows by the comparative method.

  • Bari languages
  • Teso–Lotuko–Maa:
  • Teso–Turkana (or Ateker; incl. Karimojong)
  • Lotuko–Maa:
  • Lotuko languages
  • Lango language
  • Lopit language
  • Lokoya language
  • Lotuko language
  • Dongotono language
  • Ongamo–Maa
  • Ongamo language
  • Maa languages
  • Maasai language (see also Mukogodo-Maasai)
  • Camus language
  • Samburu language (see also Elmolo-Samburu)
  • It is generally agreed upon that Bari forms a primary branch, but lower-level splits are less clear.

    Swadesh approach (Vossen 1982)

    Vossen's classification using the Swadesh approach is as follows (Vossen 1982:114).

    Eastern Nilotic
  • Bari languages
  • Mondari
  • Kakwa
  • Nyanggwara
  • Kuku
  • Pöjulu
  • Ngyepu
  • Bari
  • Lotuko–Maa languages
  • Lotuko languages
  • Lopit, Dongotono
  • Lotuko, Lokoya
  • Ongamo–Maa languages
  • Ongamo
  • Maasai
  • Camus, Samburu
  • Teso–Turkana languages
  • Teso
  • Nyangatom
  • Turkana, Karimojong
  • Gleason approach (Vossen 1982)

    Vossen's classification using the Gleason approach is as follows (Vossen 1982:119).

    Eastern Nilotic
  • Bari languages
  • Kuku, Ngyepu
  • Pöjulu
  • Kakwa
  • Bari
  • Nyanggwara, Mondari
  • Lotuko languages
  • Lopit, Dongotono
  • Lotuko, Lokoya
  • Teso–Turkana languages
  • Nyangatom
  • Teso
  • Turkana, Karimojong
  • Ongamo–Maa languages
  • Ongamo
  • Maasai
  • Camus, Samburu
  • References

    Eastern Nilotic languages Wikipedia