East Coast Expressway

Route background

The East Coast Expressway is a 758 km (471 mi)-long, closed toll, four-lane expressway (two per direction) beginning from the end of the Kuala Lumpur-Karak Expressway at the Karak Interchange in Karak, Pahang through Lanchang, Mentakab, Temerloh, Chenor, Maran, Sri Jaya, Gambang, Kuantan, Jabur, Chenih, Chukai, Kijal, Kerteh, Paka, Dungun, Bukit Besi, Ajil, Telemong and ending in Kampung Gemuruh near Kuala Nerus in Terengganu.

Early development (1994-2001)

The construction of a controlled-access expressway from Karak to Kuala Terengganu was first announced in 1994 at the time when the Kuala Lumpur-Karak Expressway E8/FT2 was being upgraded from the former 2-lane highway to a full expressway. At that time, the original concessionaire company of the expressway project was a consortium company formed by MMC Corporation Berhad (through its subsidiary, Projek Lebuhraya Timur Sdn. Bhd. (Pelita)), MTD Group and Malaysian Resource Corporation Berhad (MRCB). The 338-km expressway was planned as a different route than the Kuala Lumpur-Karak Expressway even though the former would begin at the end point of the latter. At that time, the estimated construction cost of the expressway was RM4.6 billion before being reduced to RM4.26 billion for the entire section from Karak to Kuala Terengganu. Due to the very high cost, MTD Group and MRCB withdrew from the consortium, leaving Pelita to do the job alone. The concession contract between Pelita and the government was signed on 9 September 1998; however, there was no sign of any construction works by the original concessionaire due to the effects of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, hence nullifying the former concession agreement.

The first delay of the project became a controversial issue nationwide. The Prime Minister at that time, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, announced that all expressway projects at that time to be postponed, claiming that Malaysians were not ready to pay tolls to enjoy higher-quality highways. After the state governments of Pahang, Terengganu and Johor pleaded to the federal government not to delay the expressway projects, the federal government agreed to go on with the East Coast Expressway project.

Phase 1 (Karak-Jabor, 2001-2004)

In order to resume the expressway project, the federal government decided to fund the expressway project themselves and once again approached MTD Group as the new concessionaire company for the East Coast Expressway. A letter of intention was sent by the federal government to MTD Group on 1 March 2000, and the new concession contract was signed on 17 January 2001. MTD Group was chosen as the new concessionaire company for being able to offer the lowest construction cost for the expressway project. The construction of the East Coast Expressway began shortly afterwards.

However, the construction of the expressway was only limited to the first phase from Karak to Kuantan, as the new state government of Terengganu led by Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) who took over the state from Barisan Nasional during the 1999 General Election, strongly opposed the toll collection of the expressway and insisted on building their own version of the East Coast Expressway without toll collection. The abolishment of toll collection in Terengganu became the primary manifesto of PAS during the election. On the other hand, the Minister of Works at that time, Datuk Seri Samy Vellu insisted that toll collection was needed, claiming that the federal government could not afford to fully fund the East Coast Expressway without toll collection. In the end, the construction of the Terengganu section by PAS state government ultimately did not materialise at all.

The East Coast Expressway Phase 1 from Karak to Kuantan was opened to motorists on 1 August 2004, with the total cost of RM1.3 billion, which was translated to RM7.5 million per kilometre. The expressway was gazetted with the route number of E8, as a continuation of the Kuala Lumpur-Karak Expressway E8/FT2. The second part of Phase 1, the Sri Jaya and Jabur was opened in on July 2007.

Phase 2 (Jabor-Kuala Terengganu, 2006-2015)

The East Coast Expressway Phase 2 extends the expressway to Kuala Terengganu, serving as the alternative for both Federal Route 3 and Jerangau-Jabor Highway FT14. The construction of the second phase of the East Coast Expressway E8 began in 2006 as a result of the Barisan Nasional takeover of Terengganu state government from PAS during the 2004 general election. Unlike the first phase of the expressway where MTD Group became the only contractor (and concessionaire company), MTD was only allocated about 30% of the construction job for the second phase, from Bukit Besi to Telemung (Package 10), with the total length of 64 km. The remaining 70% of the construction job was awarded to Bumiputra contractors, where 30% of the construction job was allocated to Terengganuan contractors and the remainder was allocated to non-Terengganuan contractors. As a result, the section built by MTD Group was monitored by the Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM), while the remaining section was monitored by the Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR).

Unlike the first phase of the expressway where MTD Group managed to complete it on time despite of the huge flood in Pahang during the construction period, the second phase of the expressway had sparked a controversy due to numerous delays during the construction. The deadline was set for May 2011; however, the final deadline of the project completion was pushed to September 2014. The price hike of construction materials such as bitumen and steel was primarily blamed for the delay, as the price hike had caused several contractors to withdraw from the project due to their inability to afford the increasing construction costs. In addition, the Malaysian Public Accounts Committee (PAC) also claimed that the delay and the increase of construction costs was attributed to the change of the construction model from being a toll-free federal highway to a toll expressway. Meanwhile, MTD Group claimed that the huge flood in Terengganu in 2009 that submerged some sections of the expressway had forced them to redesign the expressway, including the construction of higher viaducts in flood-prone areas, adding the construction costs further.

On 7 April 2011, MTD Group's toll road divisions, MTD Prime Sdn. Bhd. and Metramac Corporation Sdn. Bhd., were spun off to form ANIH Berhad after taking over the operations of Toll Concession from the concessionaire companies who respectively owned the concessions for Kuala Lumpur-Karak Expressway, East Coast Expressway Phase 1, and Kuala Lumpur-Seremban Expressway (including East–West Link Expressway), with effect from 6 December 2011.

The second phase of the East Coast Expressway was opened in stages. The sections from Telemung to Kuala Terengganu and Ajil-Bukit Besi were the earliest sections being opened to motorists on 22 August 2011, followed by Ajil-Telemung section on 18 May 2012, Bukit Besi-Paka section on 25 January 2014, and Jabor-Cheneh section on 22 July 2014. When completed, the East Coast Expressway E8 Phase 2 will become a toll expressway that enjoys the longest toll-free period in Malaysia for 3 years.

On 31 January 2015, all sections of the Jabur-Kuala Terengganu of the East Coast Expressway has now opened to traffic. During toll free period at ECE2 (Terengganu section), motorists coming from Kuala Lumpur must exit the expressway at Jabor interchange, make a U-turn after paying toll and collect a transit card at Jabor toll plaza, which will be returned at the Jabor temporary toll plaza, in order to proceed to Kuala Terengganu. On the other hand, the ticket from the Jabor temporary toll plaza can be used within the entire length of the ECE1 E8. On 20 April 2015, it was announced that PLUS Malaysia Berhad, the operator of the North-South Expressway, will be operating the second phase of the East Coast Expressway E8 starting from August 2015, making the East Coast Expressway E8 as the first expressway route in Malaysia to be operated by two different concessionaire. The toll rate of the second phase of the expressway will be pegged to the rate of the first phase. On 7 July 2015, the Jabor temporary toll plaza was demolished to make way for the non-stop toll operation along the ECE2 E8 to avoid congestion caused by the temporary toll plaza. The operation of the toll plazas along the ECE2 E8 is conducted temporarily by Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM) themselves before being handed to PLUS Malaysia Berhad in August 2015.

Major events

Phase 1 (Pahang): Karak - Jabur

The length of this phase is 174 km (108 mi) and runs from Kuala Lumpur-Karak Expressway through Lanchang, Mentakab, Temerloh, Chenor, Maran, Kuantan and ends at the Pahang - Terengganu border near Jabur. The turnkey contract was awarded to MTD Capital Bhd.

Administratively, the Gombak-Karak stretch is part of LPT Phase 1, being managed by the same concessionaire and sharing the same route number, E8. The Gombak-Karak stretch also forms part of Highway 2.

Though the expressway begins in Gombak, the zeroth kilometer is not there; instead it is located at the intersection of Jalan Pahang (part of Highway 2) and Jalan Tun Razak, near the Kuala Lumpur Hospital, and counted along Jalan Pahang and Jalan Gombak. The Gombak toll plaza is located at the 19th kilometer, close to the International Islamic University Malaysia. The Karak Expressway is almost parallel to the old Gombak-Bentong road 68, crossing some villages in the Gombak constituency, before crossing the Selangor-Pahang border at the Genting Sempah Tunnel. Exits to Genting Highlands are built at both ends of the tunnel. There is a rest stop with a McDonald's outlet just after the eastern end of the tunnel.

The ECE continues its parallel arrangement with Route 68 until the Bentong West toll plaza, where Route 68 veers towards north, merging into Highway 8 in Bentong town. The Karak Expressway continues for another 50 km until the Karak toll plaza, where it ceases to be concurrent with Highway 2. Highway 9 also begins near there, connecting Karak all the way to Kuala Pilah and Tampin in Negeri Sembilan.

While the Gombak-Karak stretch uses an open toll collection system, with toll plazas at Gombak and Bentong, the Karak toll plaza is the beginning of the closed access system. Motorists are required to either take a transit ticket or sign-in using Touch 'n Go cards or SmartTAG. Motorists which leave the expressway sign out at the desired toll plaza and will be charged according to distance and type of vehicle.

Just after the Temerloh exit, spanning the Pahang River is a bridge, designed with elephant tusk motifs, in a nod to the emblem of Pahang. The expressway continues to Maran, Gambang and then the state capital Kuantan. The Sungai Lembing road 231 connects Exit 833 of the expressway to downtown Kuantan. Further north, just after crossing the border into Terengganu, there is the Gebeng Bypass 101 which serves as a shortcut to Kuantan Port. The first phase of the expressway ends at Jabor, at the Pahang-Terengganu border, which also serves as the Limit of Maintenance Responsibility for ANIH Berhad. Beyond Jabor, PLUS takes over.

Phase 2 (Terengganu): Jabur - Kuala Nerus

Fully operational by January 2015, the second phase of the ECE begins in Jabur, crossing Chenih, Chukai, Kijal, Kerteh, Paka, Dungun, Bukit Besi, Ajil, Telemong before terminating at an interchange with Highway 3 at Kampung Gemuruh near Kuala Terengganu. The Jabor-Kuala Terengganu stretch is operated by PLUS, which also operates the North-South Expressway E1/E2, as opposed to the Gombak-Jabor stretch which is the responsibility of ANIH Berhad. Despite the different concessionaires, the Jabor-Kuala Terengganu stretch is administratively the same expressway as the Gombak-Jabor stretch, having the same route number E8.

LPT2 is almost parallel to Highway 14, save for the stretch between Kijal and Bukit Besi, where the expressway veered closer to the coast. Since opening, LPT2 has seen a number of fatal accidents, and even a case involving a pregnant female tiger. The spate of accidents had prompted certain quarters to allege that LPT2 had uneven roads, putting motorists at risk.

For the first few months in operation, motorists had to sign-out at the Jabor toll plaza to pay the toll fare up until Jabor, before making a loop and entering the LPT2. Since July 2015 though, the Malaysian Highway Authority has taken responsibility for toll collection of LPT2 until the concession agreement was finalised. Following this, motorists are no longer required to sign-out at Jabor, and they can pay the toll fare at the LPT2 toll plazas. Pending the finalization of the concession agreement, the toll fare was calculated until Jabor for the time being, effectively making the Jabor-Kuala Terengganu stretch free of charge. The concession agreement was signed with PLUS in April 2016, and Lebuhraya Pantai Timur 2 Sdn. Bhd., a subsidiary of PLUS, was reportedly appointed to manage the highway. The Terengganu state government had reportedly requested that toll collection be postponed until after the 2016 Hari Raya celebrations in July 2016. Toll collections by LPT2 Sdn. Bhd. formally began on 15 July, when the new toll rates were announced. For example, a trip from Gombak to Kuala Terengganu now costs RM 52.80.

Phase 3 (Kelantan): Kuala Nerus - Kota Bharu

Phase 3 (LPT3) will connect from Kampung Gemuruh (near Kuala Terengganu) to Kota Bharu and Tumpat, just before the border with Thailand. Phase 3 will cover 124 kilometers. Two routes, one taking the coastal route and the other passing through Gua Musang constituency in southern Kelantan will be explored. The project will be included in the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (Rancangan Malaysia Ke-11, RMK 11).

Phase 4 (Pahang and Johor): Gambang -Johor Bahru

Phase 4 will connect from Gambang to Johor Bahru via Federal Road 3. Phase 4 will cover 250 kilometers. The construction of this section is not started yet for various reasons.

Features

Accident prone area along Phase 2 (Jabor-Kuala Terengganu)

Since it was opened to traffic on 2011, there are many accidents have occurred along East Coast Expressway Phase 2. The majority of accidents and fatalities on the new stretches of the expressway can be attributed to reckless or exhausted drivers, trespassing animals and damaged and water-logged roads. As such, the Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM) and the Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) had also carried out preventive measures including increasing patrols, repairing damaged fences, installing barbed wire coils, cooperating with all related agencies to distribute leaflets on awareness and putting up sign boards in areas of intrusions by animals. LLM and JKR have also identified locations of water crossings and dangerous corners and will improve road surface and take suitable interventive measures with the cooperation of the Royal Malaysian Police, Malaysian Road Transport Department (JPJ) and the Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD).

Besides that, the Terengganu State Government will take prompt measures to curb fatal accidents on the East Coast Expressway Phase 2. Among the initiatives included the Malaysian Civil Defence Department teams will be stationed along the route. Other measures included putting up more signboards, asking the LLM to identify the high-risk areas and suggesting that police set up speed traps. The measures are to remind motorists to always exercise caution when using the expressway.

Tolls

The East Coast Expressway using ticket system (closed system) of tolling. Users collect transit cards before entering the expressway at respective toll plazas and pay an amount of toll at the exit toll plaza plus the distance from the plaza to the Limit of Maintenance Responsibility (LMR).

Junction list

The entire expressway was built as a 4-lane divided expressway with two lanes for each carriageways. The speed limit for the entire expressway is 110 km/h except at Exit 813B Karak Interchange (90 km/h) and Karak Toll Plaza (60 km/h).