Dimitrija Cupovski

Early years

Dimitrija Cupovski was born in the village of Papradiste (now part of Caska Municipality) in the Ottoman Empire, (now Republic of Macedonia). Before Cupovski was born, his father had been killed by Albanian mercenaries. When he was 10 years old his village was burned, and he and his family then settled in Krusevo, the birthplace of his mother. After learning the painting trade, he and his brothers left for Sofia in search of work. In the capital of the newly established Kingdom of Bulgaria Cupovski worked during the day and visited the school organized by Dame Gruev, Petar Pop Arsov and other students.

However after that he continued his education in Belgrade and Saint Petersburg. The pro-Bulgarian revolutionary Hristo Shaldev, who lived then in St. Petersburg, described him as a person sharing pro-Russian views. According to Shaldev, a member of the Secret Macedonian-Adrianopolitan circle in St. Peterburg and IMRO, the main ideologists under whose influence Cupovski failed, were the Serbian professors Stojan Novakovic, Jovan Cvijic and Aleksandar Belic. Especially Novakovic used his diplomatic role in St. Petersburg to put his ideas into practice, through his support to the Macedonian Literary Society, established in Saint Petersburg in 1902, and its "Macedonist" members as Cupovski.

When in 1905 Cupovski tried to organize for the first time a pan-Macedonian conference in Veles, he was expelled from the town by a local chief of IMRO Ivan Naumov, and was threatened with death for his pro-Macedonian and anti-Bulgarian ideas. Blaze Ristovski claims that it happened because of the intrigues of the local Bulgarian Metropolitan bishop and the activity of Shaldev, who then described Cupovski as a Serbian agent, but eventually, in his Memoirs, would present a letter from Cupovski, written in 1904, in which he speaks against “the Serbian propaganda in Macedonia and its destructive influence amongst the people”. Some Bulgarian researchers also suppose that Cupovski was a marginal figure and Serbian agent on a service of the Russian Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

After the outbreak of the Balkan War in 1912 and the occupation of Macedonia, Chupovski arrived on November 17 in Sofia, where he met with a part of the Macedonian emigration, but without much success. On December 4, he arrived in Skopje where Cupovski stayed at the home of his uncle and also met with some local citizens. This attempt to persuade them to adopt his pro-Macedonian ideas failed too, and he was even expelled by his relative.

Then he went to Veles, where he organized a pan-Macedonian conference, that was de facto a meeting attended by some local revolutionaries from the left wing of the IMRO. Chupovski convinced them to send representatives to the London peace conference to try to preserve the integrity of the region of Macedonia, but finally this attempt ended also unsuccessful. Afterwards Cupovski left Macedonia and returned to Petersburg, where he initiated the sending of a memorandum to the autonomy of Macedonia to the Great Powers and another to the countries of the Balkan League. After the Balkan Wars and the Serbian occupation of Vardar Macedonia Cupovski also exposed every detail of the Serbian chauvinistic propaganda, and every victim of the Serbian aggression.

He was one of the founders of the Macedonian Literary Society, established in Saint Petersburg in 1902, and served as its president from 1902 to 1917. Cupovski was also the author of a large number of articles and official documents, publisher of the printed bulletin of the Macedonian Colony, and organiser of several Macedonian associations. He wrote verse both in Russian and Macedonian. He also produced the first Macedonian-Russian dictionary, worked on a Macedonian grammar and an encyclopaedic monograph on Macedonia and the Macedonians. He also drew up an ethnic and geographical map of Macedonia.

In the period 1913–1914, Cupovski published the newspaper "Makedonski Golos'" (Macedonian Voice) in which he and fellow members of the Petersburg Macedonian Colony promoted the existence of a separate Macedonian people which is different from the Greeks, Bulgarians and Serbs, and were struggling to popularize the idea for an independent Macedonian state. After the First World War and the October Revolution in Russia, the political activity of Chupovski ceased.

Dimitrija Cupovski is considered one of the most prominent ethnic Macedonians in history and one of the most important actors of the ethnic Macedonian awakening.