Decipherment (in philology) is the discovery of the meaning of texts written in obscure languages or scripts, which are almost always ancient. Decipherment in cryptography refers to decryption. The term is used sardonically in everyday language to describe attempts to read poor handwriting. In genetics the term is used to describe successful attempts to understand DNA, which is viewed metaphorically as a text containing word-like units. Throughout science the term decipherment is synonymous with the understanding of biological and chemical phenomena.
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Ancient Languages
In many cases, a multilingual artifact is necessary to facilitate decipherment, the Rosetta Stone being the classic example. Statistical techniques provide another pathway to decipherment, as does the analysis of modern languages derived from ancient languages in which undeciphered texts are written. Archaeological and historical information is helpful in verifying hypothesized decipherments.
Deciphered scripts
Undeciphered scripts
Famous undeciphered documents
Cryptography
Decipherment is "an action to transform a ciphertext into a plaintext by an authorized party."
Genetics
Decipherment refers to the understanding of the function of genetic material in biological systems.