Coastal Reserve – the former conservation area in Ukraine, which was under protection from 1927 to 1933.
Contents
Creation history
The idea of creating a so-called "Bird sanctuary" on the shores of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea was already announced in 1919. On the analogy of the American "bird sanctuary" H.A.Bryzhalin proposed to create such reserve areas in Ukraine.
July 14, 1927 was adopted Resolution SNK USSR № 172 " About formation of the coastal reserve areas on the shores of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea ", in order "to protect natural environment of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea, including bird's fauna from predators during flight and nesting" and were formed Coastal reserve areas. "Reserve" areas included Churyuk island in the Syvash, Dzharylhach island in the Black Sea, Solonoozerna dacha as well as the Kinburnsʹka Spit and Kryva Spit, Bilosaraysʹka Spit and Obitochna Spit The total area of the reserve covered the 32 000 ha of coastal ecosystems along the coastline of the Blac Sea and the Azov Sea. For this reason, sometimes in literature instead of the term "Coastal Rezerve", the term "Azov reserve" is used. What is de jure incorrect.
Among the leaders of the environmental movement of the 1920s who actively took part in coastal reserve creation were I.Kurylo-Krimchak, director of the Melitopol's museum of local lore, Ye.Lavrenko, Kharkiv's Regional Inspector of Natural monument Protection, A.Brauner and others.
In 1927 creation of Coastal Reserve areas considered to be as the main event in the sphere of natural monuments protection by environmentalists. It was published a great number of articles about reserve areas and organized complex expeditions to research them.
Actually, Coastal Reserve areas were considered as separate parts of one reserve. At the same time in the literature of the1920-30s, some parts of "reserve"sreas are sometimes called as independent reserves. For example, "Obitochna Spit Reserve", "Dzharylhach Reserve", "Churyuk island" reserve etc. Ukrainian Committee for Natural Monuments Protection (UCNMP) aim for creation of reserve administrations and special departments for protection. In practice, it was not provided, even of appointment of V.Tkal as director. In 1929 the issue of coastal reserve areas was discussed at all the gatherings of Bureau of UCNMP (TSDAVO, F.166. op 6, case 9388, minutes of meetings UCNMP, Activity reports and correspondence about the research, representatives. 1929–1930. Name of reserve areas are used in the plural form. Similarly, in 1928 it was established "State gravel reserve areas", which covered a number of individual sections of the sandy arenas in the Lower Dnieper valley.
On the other hand, there was not created administrations of the "reserve areas", so by the end of 1932 coastal reserve areas were included to the "Askania Nova" reserve. From January 1-st, 1933 "Askania Nova" reserve was separated into two parts, which became independent institutions: the Black Sea and the Azov-Sivash State Reserves. Even in the years independence of Ukraine on the basis of other parts over the Naval Reserves formed national parks "Dzharylgachsky" and "Azov".
Research history
In 1927, on behalf of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, M.Sharleman led an expedition that studied newly created Coastal reserves. Freelance research worker of Zoological Museum UAS, A. K. Shepe participated in the first excursion, which was held between 10th and 23 June 1927. In the second excursion, which was held between 3rd and 14 September, A. K. Shepe and O. YU. Borzakovskyy took part. The research workers of “Chapli” Reserve also attended both excursions. They were Head of Department of Scientific Zoological Station, O.O. Schumer and entomologist, S.I. Medvedev.
At the end of M. Sharlemanʹs report on the expedition, it was noted the need of urgent strengthen of the reserves protection, importance to inform the population of nearby villages about protection of natural environment; need of detailed study of coastal reserves areas from natural side by expedition research as well as organization of permanent research station in coastal reserves areas. Also, in 1928 all the territory of coastal reserves areas was studied by Odesa’s Regional Inspector for the Protection of Nature V.H.Averin nature and ornithologists S.I Snihirevskyy, L.A.Portenko.
In 1928, detailed description of individual parts of Coastal Reserve areas was published in 1928 in the book "Protection natural sites in Ukraine" issued by the Ukrainian Committee for Protection of Monuments of nature.
In 1932, describing the value of the State Coastal Reserve areas, M.Sharleman noted: “The great flight ways of the birds of our union are near the seaside and the islands. The protection of health-arterial routes influences greatly on the number of birds in most parts of the union” It was planned the construction of ornithological stations for studying birds flight on the territory of all components of coastal reserve areas.
Literature concerning
- Averin V. Excursion to Churyuk island / Kharkiv, 1928 Averin V.
- Kurylo-Krymchak A. 1929. A few words about the coastal reserve areas of Melitopol province // Ukr. hunter and fisherman.— 1929. — № 11–12. — p. 39–41.
- Lavrenko E., Зоз І. The vegetation of Michael stud (col. Of Kapnist) Sumy provinces // Protection of natural monuments of Ukraine. Digest 2.- 1928, p. 23–37.
- Scientific Chronicle // Journal of Natural Sciences, №3–4, 1927, – p. 208
- Sharleman M. Natural conservation and collect information about the animals "Natural monuments"// Exploring the nature of the land: a digest of articles on the methods of environmental studies and collecting. — Kyiv, 1932. — p. 105–112
- Sharleman M. . The southern reserve areas of Ukraine // Conservation of Nature in Ukraine — Kharkiv, 1928. — p. 4–15
- Sharleman M. Something about coastal reserve areas/ Bulletin of science. — 1931. — № :1/2. — p. 65–66.
- Sharleman M. Something about coastal reserve areas // Ukr. Hund. And Fish.- 1929 – №2–3 – p. 9-11
- Sharleman M. Materials on ornithofauna of Dzharylhach island in the Black Sea (with O. Shumer) // Digest of studies of Zoological museum – 1930 -№8 – p. 99–117