UNESCO's City of Literature program is part of its Creative Cities Network which was launched in 2004. The Network was born out of UNESCO's Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity initiative which was created in 2002. Its aim is to "promote the social, economic and cultural development of cities in both the developed and the developing world." The cities in network promote their local creative scene and conform to UNESCO’s goal of fostering cultural diversity.
To be approved as a City of Literature, cities need to meet a number of criteria. In essence, these are:
Quality, quantity and diversity of publishing in the city
Quality and quantity of educational programmes focusing on domestic or foreign literature at primary, secondary and tertiary levels
Literature, drama and/or poetry playing an important role in the city
Hosting literary events and festivals which promote domestic and foreign literature;
Existence of libraries, bookstores and public or private cultural centres which preserve, promote and disseminate domestic and foreign literature
Involvement by the publishing sector in translating literary works from diverse national languages and foreign literature
Active involvement of traditional and new media in promoting literature and strengthening the market for literary products.
Edinburgh, Scotland (2004)
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (2008)
Iowa City, Iowa, United States (2008)
Dublin, Ireland (2010)
Reykjavík, Iceland (2011)
Norwich, England (2012)
Kraków, Poland (2013)
Heidelberg, Germany (2014)
Dunedin, New Zealand (2014)
Granada, Spain (2014)
Prague, Czech Republic (2014)
Baghdad, Iraq (2015)
Barcelona, Spain (2015)
Ljubljana, Slovenia (2015)
Lviv, Ukraine (2015)
Montevideo, Uruguay (2015)
Nottingham, England (2015)
Óbidos, Portugal (2015)
Tartu, Estonia (2015)
Ulyanovsk, Russia (2015)