Nationality American Projects Reston Role Architect | Name Chloethiel Smith Occupation Architect | |
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Born 1910 Peoria, Illinois Died December 30, 1992, Washington, D.C., United States Education Washington University in St. Louis (1933) Awards Guggenheim Fellowship for Humanities, US & Canada | ||
Chloethiel Woodard Smith, (February 2, 1910 – December 30, 1992) was a European-American modernist architect and urban planner whose career was centered in Washington, D.C.
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Career
Smith earned her undergraduate degree in architecture from the University of Oregon in 1932 and a master's degree in architecture from Washington University in St. Louis in 1933. Early in her career, Smith worked for the Federal Housing Authority and in the 1940s for Berla & Abel. She was a professor of architecture at the University de San Andres in La Paz, Bolivia, from 1942 to 1944. She formed Keyes, Smith & Satterlee in 1950, and from 1963 to 1983 she practiced in her own firm, Chloethiel Woodard Smith & Associates.
Smith was responsible for significant project commissions and was selected to serve on various committees that influenced the shaping of post-World War II Washington, D.C. In 1952, with Louis Justement, she developed plans for the redevelopment of Washington's Southwest quadrant. She completed several projects in the redevelopment, including Capitol Park, Harbour Square, and Waterside Mall, and developed a proposal for a bridge with shops and restaurants spanning the Washington Channel that was inspired by the Ponte Vecchio in Florence, Italy. She also designed the National Airport Metro station and the Waterview Townhouses in Reston, Virginia—some of which have spiral steps that descend into a lake—and the Coleson Townhouses, 45 units in a woodland setting, also in Reston. At a key intersection in downtown Washington—the corner of Connecticut Avenue and L Street, N.W.—Smith designed three of the four office buildings there; architects and critics have referred to the intersection as "Chloethiel's Corner." Overseas, she designed the U.S. Embassy in Paraguay and developed a master plan for Quito, Ecuador.
Smith was influential in proposing a national museum celebrating buildings and architecture and successfully proposed the renovation of the Pension Building to serve as home to the National Building Museum. She was a trustee of the museum and served on numerous boards and commissions, including the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, the President's Council on Pennsylvania Avenue, the National Commission on Urban Problems, and the Committee of 100 on the Federal City. She was a member of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1967 to 1976.
By 1967, Smith ran Chloethiel Woodard Smith & Associates, which by 1971 became the largest female-run architectural firm in the United States; at the end of her career in the late 1980s, nearly 30% of architects working in Washington, D.C. had come through her office. The percentage would be much higher if the firms that she was a partner in are included. Notable architects Arthur Cotton Moore and Hugh Newell Jacobsen worked for her.
Death and legacy
Chloethiel Woodard Smith died of cancer on December 30, 1992 at Hampton Regional Medical Center, a hospital located in Hampton, South Carolina. She was 82.
Smith was offended all of her life by the term "woman architect." She felt it demeaned her work and ability as an architect. She fortunately lived long enough to see the term fall into disuse. Through it all she stubbornly refused to be a part of any women's group. Her rise to the upper echelon of the profession had preceded the Women's Rights Movement. Her name is not as well known by the general public as those of her contemporaries, yet she is considered to be a master whose successful career spanned five decades.
Awards
Smith was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1944. In 1960, she was inducted as a Fellow into the American Institute of Architects, the sixth woman so honored.
In 1989, the Washington chapter of the American Institute of Architects awarded her its Centennial Award for "continuous service to the chapter, the community and the profession."