Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. The only crime punishable by it is capital murder.
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Since 1734, twenty-four people have been executed, with the last execution carried out in 1939. As of 2016, there is only one condemned man in the state, and no execution facility. New Hampshire is the lone remaining state in New England to allow capital punishment.
Lethal injection is currently the primary legal form of execution, though hanging can be utilized if lethal injection is determined to be "impractical to carry out the punishment of death".[2] Between 1868 and 1939, executions took place at the New Hampshire State Prison for Men in Concord. The long hiatus on executions means that while officially considered a "retentionist" state, only four US states have not performed executions more recently than New Hampshire (Maine, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Wisconsin), and only two countries in the European Union (Sweden and Portugal).
Michael "Stix" Addison was sentenced in December 2008 for knowingly causing the death of Manchester police officer Michael L. Briggs. He is the only person currently on death row in New Hampshire (and by extension, in New England, New York, or New Jersey).
Capital murder
RSA 630:1 Capital Murder is the only crime for which people can be executed in the state. A person is guilty of capital murder if he knowingly causes the death of:[3]
- A sheriff or deputy sheriff, state trooper, constable or police officer of a city or town, correctional officer, probation-parole officer, conservation officer, judge or similar person, state or local prosecutor acting in the line of duty or in retaliation for their job.
- Another before, after, while engaged or attempting to commit a kidnapping as defined by RSA 633:1.[4]
- Another after conspiring with a third to commit a contract killing.
- Another after being sentenced to life imprisonment without parole.
- Another before, after, while engaged or attempting to commit aggravated felonious sexual assault, as defined in RSA 632-A:2.[5]
- Another before, after, while engaged in the commission of, or while attempting to commit robbery.
- Another before, after, while engaged or attempting to commit an offense punishable under RSA 318-B:26, I(a) or (b) of the Controlled Drug Act.[6]
Since the state's last execution of Howard Long on July 14, 1939, there have been eight people charged with capital murder. Three were convicted, but received a mandatory life imprisonment without parole sentence. In three other cases, capital murder charges were resolved before trial, twice because the New Hampshire Supreme Court ruled the law unconstitutional.
Methods
After a person has been convicted of capital murder, a separate penalty phase is carried out using the same jury. The jury weighs a variety of aggravating and mitigating circumstances. If a person has been convicted of capital murder and is not sentenced to death, the mandatory sentence is life imprisonment without possibility of parole the same punishment as first degree murder.
Executions must be carried out no sooner than one year after the sentencing. Death row for men and the execution are at the New Hampshire State Prison for Men at Concord. According to state law:
"The punishment of death shall be inflicted by continuous, intravenous administration of a lethal quantity of an ultrashort-acting barbiturate in combination with a chemical paralytic agent…"[7]It is also possible for executions to be carried out by hanging if it is found:
"…to be impractical to carry out the punishment of death by administration of the required lethal substance or substances, the sentence of death may be carried out by hanging…"Public opinion
In a 2008 poll conducted for the Concord Monitor, 57 percent of likely voters supported the death penalty in police killing cases, 39 percent favored life in prison without parole and 4 percent weren't sure.
1739–1942
Furman v. Georgia (1972)
In 1959, Frederick Martineau and Russell Nelson were convicted of murdering a businessman in a Nashua parking lot, who was scheduled to testify in a Rhode Island burglary case.
Martineau and Nelson received 13 stays of execution, but were spared the death penalty in 1972 when the United States Supreme Court ruled in Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972) that "unitary trial" procedure, in which the jury was asked to return a verdict of guilt or innocence and, simultaneously, determine whether the defendant would be punished by death or life imprisonment, was in violation of the eighth amendment to the United States Constitution.