Cóiced Ol nEchmacht is an ancient name for the province of Connacht, Ireland.
Etymology and extent
Cóiced Ol nEchmacht may be translated as the portion/fifth/province of the Ol nEchmacht, also called the Fir Ol nEchmacht ("Fir" means "men"). The name nEchmacht has been linked by some scholars to the tribe called Nagnatae on Ptolemys 2nd century AD world map.
They were divided up into three main tribes: the Fir Craibe, or Fir na Criabe; the Tuatha Taiden; the Gamanraige. Each tribe ruled respective kingdoms within Ol nEchmacht.
The kingdom of the Fir Craibe extended from Limerick to the Palace of Fidach, a place thought to be located in north-eastern Aidhne. In later centuries the territory south of Aidhne, Thomond, would be annexed by Munster, which it is still counted as part of.
The kingdom of Tuatha Taiden extended from Fidach eastwards to and across the Shannon towards Tara, and was probably co-extensive with Hy-Many at its greatest extent.
The Gamanraige ruled the territory between the Gallimhe or Galway river, to the Drowes and Duff rivers in the north-east. Their capital was Rath Eochaidh, later called Cruachan.
This territory seems to have been Ol nEchmacht proper.
It was only with the rise of the Connachta dynasty that the term Fir Ol nEchmacht was dropped and the province was renamed Connacht.
Nations known to have resided in Ol nEchmacht during this era included:
Badhna - uncertain
Bunrath - north of Athenry/south-west of Tuam
Cairpre - around Drumcliffe in County Sligo
Calraige - border of County Sligo/County Leitrim
Cattraige - uncertain
Ciarraige - central Mayo
Clann Úmóir - Aran Islands, Galway and Mayo
Conmaicne - west coast, and northern areas of, County Galway
Corco Fhir Trí - south County Sligo
Corco Moga - north-east County Galway
Dál nDruithne - east of Loughrea
Dartraige - north-west County Leitrim
Delbhna - south County Roscommon, and both sides of the Corrib
Erdini - County Leitrim/County Cavan
Fir Craibe - County Clare (then part of Connacht) and south-west Galway
Fir Domnann - west coast of Mayo
Gabraige - along the River Suck
Gamanrad - west shore of Killala Bay
Gailenga - central County Mayo
Luigne - east County Mayo
Mairtine Mór - branchh of a Munster nation, possibly located in Connacht
Medraige - nowadays the townlands of Maree, Oranmore
Nagnatae - County Sligo
Óic Bethra - area around Clarenbridge
Partraige - in Connemara and Partry, County Mayo
Senchineoil - centered on what is now Ballinasloe
Soghain - most of east-central County Galway
Tuatha Taiden - east Galway and south Roscommon
Uaithne - County Roscommon/County Galway (likely Ptolemy's Auteini)
Uí Mail - the area around Clew Bay
