In mathematics, the Birman-Murakami-Wenzl (BMW) algebra, introduced by Birman & Wenzl (1989) and Murakami (1986), is a two-parameter family of algebras Cn(ℓ, m) of dimension 1·3·5 ··· (2n − 1) having the Hecke algebra of the symmetric group as a quotient. It is related to the Kauffman polynomial of a link. It is a deformation of the Brauer algebra in much the same way that Hecke algebras are deformations of the group algebra of the symmetric group.
Contents
Definition
For each natural number n, the BMW algebra Cn(ℓ, m) is generated by G1,G2,...,Gn-1,E1,E2,...,En-1 and relations:
These relations imply the further relations:
This is the original definition given by Birman & Wenzl. However a slight change by the introduction of some minus signs is sometimes made, in accordance with Kauffman's 'Dubrovnik' version of his link invariant. In that way, the fourth relation in Birman & Wenzl's original version is changed to
(1) (Kauffman skein relation)
(2) (Idempotent relation)
(3) (Braid relations)
(4) (Tangle relations)
(5) (Delooping relations)
Properties
Isomorphism between the BMW algebras and Kauffman's tangle algebras
It is proved by Morton & Wassermann (1989) that the BMW algebra Cn(ℓ, m) is isomorphic to the Kauffman's tangle algebra KTn, the isomorphism
and
Baxterisation of Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebra
Define the face operator as
where
and
Then the face operator satisfies the Yang-Baxter equation.
Now
In the limits
History
In 1984, Vaughan Jones introduced a new polynomial invariant of link isotopy types which is called the Jones polynomial. The invariants are related to the traces of irreducible representations of Hecke algebras associated with the symmetric groups. In 1986, Murakami (1986) showed that the Kauffman polynomial can also be interpreted as a function