Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics

Bidding process

The Olympic bidding process begins with the submission of a city's application to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by its National Olympic Committee (NOC) and ends with the election of the host city by the members of the IOC during an ordinary session. The process is governed by the Olympic Charter, as stated in Chapter 5, Rule 34.

Since 1999, the process has consisted of two phases. During the first phase, which begins immediately after the bid submission deadline, the "applicant cities" are required to answer a questionnaire covering themes of importance to a successful Games organization. This information allows the IOC to analyze the cities' hosting capacities and the strengths and weaknesses of their plans. Following a detailed study of the submitted questionnaires and ensuing reports, the IOC Executive Board selects the cities that are qualified to proceed to the next phase. The second phase is the true candidature stage: the accepted applicant cities (from now on referred to as "candidate cities") are required to submit a second questionnaire in the form of an extended, more detailed, candidature file. These files are carefully studied by the IOC Evaluation Commission, a group composed of IOC members, representatives of international sport federations, NOCs, athletes, the International Paralympic Committee, and international experts in various fields. It is chaired by Sir Craig Reedie. The members of the Evaluation Commission then make four-day inspection visits to each of the candidate cities, where they check the proposed venues and are briefed about details of the themes covered in the candidature file. The Evaluation Commission communicates the results of its inspections in a report sent to the IOC members up to one month before the electing IOC Session.

The IOC Session in which a host city is elected takes place in a country that did not submit an application to stage the Olympics. The election is made by the assembled active IOC members (excluding honorary and honor members), each possessing one vote. Members from countries that have a city taking part in the election cannot vote while the city is in the running. The voting is conducted in a succession of rounds until one bid achieves an absolute majority of votes; if this does not happen in the first round, the bid with the fewest votes is eliminated and another voting round begins. In the case of a tie for the lowest number of votes, a special runoff vote is carried out, with the winner proceeding to the next round. After each round, the eliminated bid is announced. Following the announcement of the host city, the successful bid delegation signs the "Host City Contract" with the IOC, which delegates the responsibilities of the Games organisation to the city and respective NOC.

Bidding timeline

The timeline of the host city selection process was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) executive board as follows:

2011:

16 May – IOC sent letters inviting the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) to submit bidsJuly and August – IOC asked for NOCs to submit letters regarding compliance with the World Anti-doping Agency code by 29 July. The IOC also requested submissions of proposed dates if countries want to stage the Games outside the normal period set by the IOC (15 July to 31 August). The IOC responded to NOCs on these points by the end of August.1 September – Deadline to submit the names of cities interested in hosting the 2020 Summer Games2 September – IOC confirmed that they had received six bids3–4 November – IOC held an information seminar for 2020 applicants8 December – IOC announced the drawing lots order of applicant cities

2012:

15 February – application files and guarantee letters submitted to the IOC23 May – IOC executive board in Quebec City decided which cities were to be approved as official candidate cities27 July – 12 August – Olympic Games Observers’ Programme at the Games of the XXX Olympiad in London14–21 November – 2012 Olympic Games debrief in Rio de Janeiro

2013:

7 January – Candidature Files Submitted4–7 March – IOC Evaluation Commission visited Tokyo18–21 March – IOC Evaluation Commission visited Madrid24–27 March – IOC Evaluation Commission visited Istanbul25 June – Report of the IOC evaluation commission3–4 July – Candidate cities briefing to IOC Members at Extraordinary session in Lausanne7 September – Election of the host city at 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires

Vote

The IOC voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013 at the 125th IOC Session at the Buenos Aires Hilton in Buenos Aires, Argentina. An exhaustive ballot system was used. No city won over 50% of the votes in the first round, and Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place. A run-off vote between these two cities was held to determine which would be eliminated. In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36 votes.

Cities that were considered

Six cities were put forward by their respective National Olympic Committees (NOCs) to apply to host the Games initially, but Rome withdrew its bid shortly before the applicant files were due. The bidding cities come from two continents, Europe and Asia (Istanbul is considered to be located on the border between Asia and Europe). In 2020 it will be twelve years since an Asian city hosted the Summer Olympics (Beijing 2008) and eight years since a European city hosted the Summer Olympics (London 2012). Out of the six bidders, Tokyo had previously hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1964. The other four bidders have made bids in the past. It is the first time in 20 years that no city in the Americas bid to host the Summer Olympic Games. Rio de Janeiro was awarded the 2016 Summer Olympics. Baku and Doha bid for the 2016 Games but failed to become candidate cities, while Tokyo and Madrid also bid for the 2016 Games and became candidate cities.

Candidate cities

The candidate cities for the 2020 Olympics are, in order of drawing lots:

Non-selected applicant cities

Baku, Azerbaijan

It was announced at the 1 September 2011 deadline for bidding that Baku had submitted a bid to host the 2020 Olympics. Baku submitted their application file to the IOC on 1 February 2012. The National Assembly of Azerbaijan voted to endorse the bid in February 2012. Baku hosted the 2015 European Games.

Doha, Qatar

On 26 August 2011, Doha announced that it was bidding for the 2020 Games.

Doha hosted the 2006 Asian Games and the 2011 Pan Arab Games. In 2010, Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Several stadiums will be located in Doha. The country also hosted the 1988 and 2011 AFC Asian Cups.

Cancelled bids

Rome, Italy

Rome was nominated by the Italian National Olympic Committee on 19 May 2010. Italy's capital city was chosen over Venice as the country's bid for the 2020 Games.

Rome previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 and was chosen to host the 1908 Summer Olympics, but was relocated to London due to the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It bid to host the 2004 Games but lost to Athens in the final round of voting. Rome hosted the 2009 World Aquatics Championships as well as the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final. Italy previously hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

However the Rome municipal administration withdrew its support from the bid on the eve of the delivery of the application files, stating that it would not be a responsible use of money in "Italy's current condition."

Proposed bids which did not go to application

The following cities proposed bidding; however, they did not bid or even formally announce their intentions to bid.

Brisbane, Australia

Cairo, Egypt

Berlin, Germany

Budapest, Hungary

Delhi, India

Nairobi, Kenya

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Guadalajara, Mexico

Casablanca, Morocco

Lisbon, Portugal

The following cities proposed submitting bids but announced prior to the 1 September deadline that they would not put forth a bid. The following list is in order of cancellation:

Prague, Czech Republic cancelled its bid because of the global financial crisis.

Bucharest, Romania decided not to proceed with its bid because the city hall's general counsellors believed the project would be unachievable.

Busan, South Korea decided not to bid following Pyeongchang's successful bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics. They are, however, planning to bid for the 2028 Summer Olympics.

Paris, France is now currently bidding for the 2024 Olympic Games, as France pulled out of the 2020 bid following the defeat of Annecy's bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics. 2024 would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the 1924 Olympics which were held in the French capital.

Dubai, United Arab Emirates was considering a bid for 2020 but decided to instead wait until 2024.

Toronto, Ontario, Canada had long considered a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics, especially after their successful bid for the 2015 Pan American Games, but announced on 11 August 2011 that the idea will be dropped due to budgetary restrictions.

Durban, South Africa was discussed as a potential bid, however it was announced on 17 August 2011, that South Africa would not put forth a 2020 bid.

Saint Petersburg, Russia, decided not to bid despite having discussed the plan with the head of the Russian Olympic Committee. They withdrew on 22 August 2011, instead planning on bidding for either 2024 or 2028.

Multiple cities in the United States were interested in bidding, but the USOC confirmed that the US would not bid, citing an ongoing dispute with the IOC. The IOC stated that it would like to have received a bid for 2020 from the United States. On 29 August 2011, it was revealed that Las Vegas submitted a bid to the IOC without USOC consent. The IOC rejected the bid.