Beechcraft C 12 Huron

Design and development

The first C-12A models entered service with the U.S. Army in 1974 and were used as a liaison and general personnel transport. The aircraft was essentially an "off-the-shelf" Super King Air 200, powered by the type's standard Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-41 engines.

The U.S. Navy followed suit in 1979, ordering a version of the Super King Air A200C (modified with a 52 inch by 52 inch cargo door from the Super King Air 200C), designating it the UC-12B, for logistics support between Naval and Marine Corps air stations, air facilities, and other activities, both in CONUS and overseas. The cabin can readily accommodate cargo, passengers or both. It is also equipped to accept litter patients in medical evacuation missions. Through 1982, the Navy ordered 64 of these aircraft.

A U.S. Air Force variant of the plane for surveillance roles primarily over Afghanistan and Iraq was the MC-12W Liberty. For that variant, Beechcraft built the basic plane and then sent it to Greenville, Texas where sophisticated intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) equipment was installed by L-3 Communications Missions Integration. As of 2013 the Liberty program had exceeded 300,000 combat flying hours. The MC-12W was rushed into combat as a supplemental surveillance and signals intelligence asset; since its first combat mission on 10 June 2009, the aircraft flew 400,000 combat hours in 79,000 combat sorties, aiding in the kill or capture of “more than 8,000 terrorists” and uncovering 650 weapons caches. With its roles taken over by the growing MQ-9 Reaper fleet, the Air Force decided to divest itself of the 41 Liberty aircraft and turn them over to the U.S. Army and U.S. Special Operations Command, which was completed by October 2015. The Air Force's final MC-12W deployment in support of Operation Enduring Freedom ended on 13 October 2015.

C-12J

To meet the needs of transporting larger groups, the U.S. Army purchased six C-12J aircraft, based on the Beechcraft 1900C commuter airliner. One of the military C-12Js is used for GPS jamming tests at the 586th Flight Test Squadron, Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. Another is based at the 517th Airlift Squadron, Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska. Three were based at the 55th Airlift Flight, Osan Air Base, South Korea. They have been relocated to the 459th Airlift Squadron, Yokota Air Base, Japan. The remaining two are used by U.S. Army Aviation.

Although the UD- series 1900s were manufactured exclusively for military use, the United States military and other military and government organizations use 1900s from other series such as the UB-series 1900C, and 1900Ds which may be found elsewhere.

King Air 200-based variants

C-12A

Used by the U.S. Army for liaison and attache transport. Based on the King Air A200 (serial numbers BC-1 through BC-61, BD-1 and up).

UC-12B

U.S. Navy/U.S. Marine Corps version with an additional cargo door. Based on the King Air A200C (serial numbers BJ-1 and up).

NC-12B

U.S. Navy single-aircraft version, UC-12B BuNo 161311 equipped with four P-3C type Sonobuoy launchers.

TC-12B

U.S. Navy training version developed by conversion of UC-12B airframes.

C-12C

U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force version of the C-12A with upgraded engines. Based on the King Air A200 (serial numbers BC-62 and up).

C-12D

U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force version. Based on the King Air A200CT, changes include larger cargo door, "high-flotation" landing gear (a Beechcraft option for larger main landing gear wheels for use on unimproved runways) (serial numbers BP-1, BP-22, BP-24 through BP-51).

RC-12D

Special mission, SIGINT aircraft for the U.S. Army.

UC-12D

Based on the King Air A200CT (serial numbers BP-7 though BP-11).

C-12E

Upgraded C-12A aircraft for the USAF. 29 C-12As were retro-fitted with two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-42 turboprop engines.

C-12F

U.S. Air Force transport version. Based on the King Air A200CF (serial numbers BP-52 through BP-63) and the King Air B200C (serial numbers BP-64 and up).

RC-12F

U.S. Navy version of the UC-12F modified with surface search radar.

UC-12F

U.S. Navy version based on the King Air B200C (serial number BU-1 and up, BV-1 and up, BW-1 and up). Cockpit upgraded to Proline 21.

RC-12G

U.S. Army version used for real-time tactical intelligence support under the Crazyhorse program. Based on the King Air A200CT (three aircraft, serial numbers FC-1 and up). Previously operated by U.S. Army Reserve aviation units.

RC-12H

Special mission, battlefield SIGINT aircraft for the U.S. Army.

C-12L

Three A200s acquired for use in the Cefly Lancer program as RU-21Js. In 1984 the three aircraft modified with new VIP interiors, and returned to the U.S. Army as C-12Ls.

UC-12M

U.S. Navy version. Cockpit upgraded to Proline 21.

RC-12M

U.S. Navy version. Upgraded cockpit instrumentation, plus other systems and structural upgrades.

RC-12N

U.S. Army Guardrail Common Sensor system aircraft.

C-12R

Off the shelf BE200 modified with EFIS glass cockpit instrumentation.

C-12T

Upgrade of earlier U.S. Army C-12F versions with improved cockpit instrumentation.

C-12U

Upgrade of U.S. Army C-12T versions with improved cockpit instrumentation in order to meet global air traffic management directives.

RU-21J

Special mission, battlefield ELINT aircraft. Three A200s were brought by the U.S. Army for use in the Cefly Lancer program in the early 1970s.

RC-12X

Intelligence-gathering platform. 14 ordered, the first delivered to the U.S. Army in January 2011.

C-12V

Upgraded C-12R with Proline 21 FMS

King Air 350-based variants

C-12S

U.S. Army version based on the King Air 350, with seating for 8 to 15 passengers and quick cargo conversion capability.

MC-12W Liberty

USAF version modified for the Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) role; 8 King Air 350s and 29 King Air 350ERs. In service since June 2009 in Iraq and Afghanistan. Currently being transferred to US Army.

UC-12W

U.S. Navy version based on the King Air 350

Beechcraft 1900-based variant

C-12J

Used by the U.S. Air Force's Pacific Air Forces, and Air Force Materiel Command. It carries 2 crew and 19 passengers. The C-12J is based on the Beechcraft 1900C and carries the serials UD-1 through UD-6.

The Air Force currently operates only 4 C-12Js. 3 are operated by the 459th Airlift Squadron at Yokota Air Base, Japan and 1 by the Air Force Materiel Command from Holloman AFB, New Mexico. The Army has C-12Js in use.

Note: The U.S. military also operates other King Air versions under other designations, including the C-6 Ute and T-44 series. In addition, there are a number of Beechcraft 1900s operated by the military under civilian registrations, using their civilian model designations.

Operators

 Greece

Hellenic Army

 Israel

Israeli Air Force

 Pakistan

Pakistan Air Force

 United States

United States Air Force

United States Army

United States Marine Corps

United States Navy

United States National Guard (Army National Guard and Air National Guard)

Specifications (Beechcraft C-12 Huron)

Data from Jane's

General characteristics

Crew: 1–5

Capacity: 13 passengers

Length: 43 ft 9 in (13.34 m)

Wingspan: 54 ft 6 in (16.61 m)

Height: 15 ft 0 in (4.57 m)

Wing area: 303 ft² (28.2 m²)

Empty weight: 7,755 lb (3,520 kg)

Max. takeoff weight: 12,500 lb (5,670 kg)

Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-42 turboprops, 850 shp (635 kW) each

Performance

Maximum speed: 333 mph (289 knots, 535 km/h) at 15,000 ft (4,600 m)

Range: 2,075 mi (1,800 nm, 3,338 km) with maximum fuel and 45 minute reserve

Service ceiling: 35,000 ft (10,700 m)

Rate of climb: 2,450 ft/min (12.5 m/s)

Wing loading: 41.3 lb/ft² (201.6 kg/m²)

Fuel consumption: 0.1667 gal/mi

Power/mass: 0.14 hp/lb (220 W/kg)