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Baron Franz von der Trenck

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Allegiance
  
Habsburg Monarchy

Name
  
Baron von

Baron Franz von der Trenck Trenck
Born
  
January 1, 1711Reggio di Calabria (
1711-01-01
)

Died
  
October 4, 1749, Brno, Czech Republic

Similar People
  
Frederick the Great, Prince Charles Alexande, Kurt Christoph Graf von

Baron Franz von der Trenck (German: Franz Freiherr von der Trenck, Croatian: Barun Franjo Trenk) (Reggio di Calabria. January 1, 1711 – Brno. October 4, 1749) was an Austrian soldier.

Contents

Early life

Baron Franz von der Trenck httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommonsthu

Trenck was born into a military family on 1 January 1711, in Reggio in south Italy, where his father Ivan Trenk served as an Austrian officer. Although born in Italy, Trenk was actually a Prussian with Austrian citizenship, and with large estates in Croatia, more precisely Slavonia. He spent his childhood mostly in Italy, Croatia and Hungary, which was not unusual since his father's job required frequent relocation. He was educated by the Jesuits at Oedenburg.

Military career

Baron Franz von der Trenck Franz Trenck YouTube

Trenck entered the Imperial army in 1728 but resigned in disgrace three years later and decided to live peacefully in Pozega, Slavonia. He married and lived on his estate for a few years. Upon the death of his wife who had perished in the black plague of 1737, he offered to raise an irregular corps of pandurs for service against the Turks, but this offer was refused, after which he entered the Russian army as a mercenary. But after serving against the Turks for a short time as captain and major of cavalry he was accused of bad conduct, brutality and disobedience and condemned to death. Despite showing insubordination he had gained popularity for defying an order to retreat. His sentence was commuted by Field Marschal Munnich to degradation and imprisonment.

Baron Franz von der Trenck detenzioni Stratega militare austriaco Franz Freiherr

After a time Trenck returned to Austria, where his father was governor of a small fortress, but there he came into conflict with everyone and actually took sanctuary in a convent in Vienna. Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, interesting himself in this strange man, obtained for him an amnesty and a commission in a corps of irregulars. In this command, besides his usual truculence and bad manners, he displayed conspicuous personal bravery, and in spite of the general dislike into which his vices brought him his services were so valuable that he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel (1743) and colonel (1744).

Baron Franz von der Trenck Radio Prag Mumien in Brnn II Baron Trenck und

Trenck earned most of his fame during the War of the Austrian Succession, as the leader and commander of a unit of pandurs, or paramilitary troops in the Austrian army which specialized in frontier warfare, guerrilla tactics and surprise hit-and-run actions, into which he recruited mostly Croatian mercenaries, experienced fighters from the Austro-Ottoman border. The Pandur soon became infamous for the atrocities they committed on the civilian population, some actions deemed brutal even by the standards of the day.

Baron Franz von der Trenck Radio Prag Mumien in Brnn II Baron Trenck und

When the War of the Austrian Succession broke out Trenck rallied volunteers and marched for Vienna to assist Maria Theresa of Austria. While in Vienna, Trenck's Pandurs marched the streets before invading Prussia. At the battle of Soor he and his irregulars plundered when they should have been fighting and Trenck was accused of having allowed the king of Prussia himself to escape.

Imprisonment and death

After a time he was brought before a court-martial in Vienna, which convicted him of having sold and withdrawn commissions to his officers without the permission of the empress, having punished his men without heed of the military code, and having drawn pay and allowance for fictitious men. Much was allowed to an irregular officer in all these respects, but Trenck had far outrun the admitted limits, and above all his brutalities and robberies had made him detested throughout Austria and Silesia. A death sentence followed, but the composition of the court-martial and its proceedings were thought to have been such as from the first forbade a fair trial, and the sentence was commuted by the Empress into one of cashiering and imprisonment. The rest of his life was spent in mild captivity in the fortress of Spielberg (Czech: Spilberk) in Brno, where he died on October 4, 1749. In his last will he left the sum of 30,000 gulden to the small town of Marienburg which had been sacked, burned and razed to the ground by his troops.

Trenck's mummified remains can presently be seen on display in the crypt of Brno's Capuchin Monastery.

References

Baron Franz von der Trenck Wikipedia