Basin size 1,414 km (546 sq mi) Discharge 35 m³/s Mouth Rome | Length 99 km Source Trevi nel Lazio Country Italy | |
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Main source Filettino
1,075 m (3,527 ft) River mouth Tiber (Rome, ponte Salario) Bridges Ponte Nomentano, Ponte Salario, Ponte di San Francesco Similar Monti Simbruini, Tiber, Celio, Quirinal Hill, Villa Gregoriana | ||
Aniene river on dry fly
The Aniene ([aˈnjɛːne]; Latin: Anio), formerly known as the Teverone, is a 99-kilometer (62 mi) river in Lazio, Italy. It originates in the Apennines at Trevi nel Lazio and flows westward past Subiaco, Vicovaro, and Tivoli to join the Tiber just north of Rome. It thus formed the principal valley east of ancient Rome and was an important water source as the city's population expanded. The falls at Tivoli were noted for their beauty. Historic bridges across the river include the Ponte Nomentano, Ponte Salario, and Ponte di San Francesco, all of which were originally fortified with towers.
Contents
Map of Aniene, Rome, Italy
History
The confluence of the Aniene and Tiber was controlled by Antemnae, a Latin settlement on a hill just to its south. Rome's foundation myths numbered them among the Sabines seized by Romulus but that his wife Hersilia convinced him to make its people Roman citizens after their defeat and annexation around 752 BC.
In antiquity, two principal aqueducts of Rome—the Aqua Anio Vetus and Aqua Anio Novus—had their sources at the Aniene. Together with the Aqua Marcia and Aqua Claudia, they were regarded as the "four great aqueducts of Rome." The Aqua Anio Vetus (Latin for "Old Anio aqueduct") was constructed around 270 BC. The Aqua Anio Novus ("New Anio aqueduct") was begun under Caligula around AD 38 and completed under Claudius in 48. A third aqueduct, the Aqua Marcia, was constructed by Q. Marcius Rex between 144 and 140 BC using the proceeds from the destructions of Corinth and Carthage in 146 BC. Several other Roman aqueducts ran from springs in the Aniene valley.
The emperor Nero created three lakes on the river for his villa at Subiaco. The largest of these dams was the highest dam in classical antiquity and remained in use until its destruction by a flood in 1305. Trajan eventually connected the Anio Novus to two of these lakes.
The former site of Antemnae is now the ruins of Forte Monte Antenne, which was erected by the Kingdom of Italy between 1877 and 1891.