Nationality Switzerland Known for Hydra | Fields Naturalist Name Abraham Trembley Awards Copley Medal | |
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Died May 12, 1784, Geneva, Switzerland | ||
Abraham Trembley (3 September 1710 – 12 May 1784 Geneva) was a Swiss naturalist. He is best known for being the first to study freshwater polyps or hydra and for being among the first to develop experimental zoology. His mastery of experimental method has led some historians of science to credit him as the "father of biology".
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Biography
Trembley came from an officer's family from Geneva, Switzerland. He was uncle to Charles Bonnet, with whom he corresponded regularly, as well as to Rene-Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur (1683-1757) and Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799). Trembley acted as tutor to the children of Count Willem Bentinck (1704-1774), a prominent Dutch politician at the time. They were 3 and 6 when Trembley, during his lessons, discovered the regenerative powers of the Hydra with the boys. Those were conducted at the Count's summer residence of Sorgvliet nearby The Hague. Sketches and drawings of his experiments with the children, made by Cornelis Pronk, are kept in the archives of the town of The Hague, the Netherlands.
Work on hydra
While Trembley thought he had discovered a new species, Leeuwenhoek had in fact first published on hydra in 1702-1703 volume of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, describing them as a type of "animalculum". In his work Leeuwenhoek clearly described the process of budding, as well as tentacles contractility and the presence of cnidocyte batteries on tentacles.
Trembley's findings were published in a groundbreaking book in 1744, Memoires pour servir a l'histoire d'un genre de polypes d'eau douce, Gebr. Verbeek, Leiden, translated into German in 1791 as Abhandlungen zur Geschichte einer Polypenart des sussen Wassers. His discoveries lead to his membership of the Royal Academy in London and a correspondent member of the academie des sciences in France. He was recipient of the Copley medal.
Some attribute Trembley as being the first to study stem cells, although he obviously did not refer to them as such. Trembley did however make note of their incredible regenerative capacity.