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ASSET (spacecraft)

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Wingspan
  
1.39 m

First flight
  
September 18, 1963

Length
  
1.75 m

Manufacturer
  
McDonnell Aircraft

ASSET (spacecraft) httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommonsthu

ASSET, or Aerothermodynamic Elastic Structural Systems Environmental Tests was an experimental US space project involving the testing of an unmanned sub-scale reentry vehicle.

Contents

Development and Testing

Begun in 1960, ASSET was originally designed to verify the superalloy heat shield of the X-20 Dyna-Soar prior to full-scale manned flights. The vehicle's biconic shape and low delta wing were intended to represent Dyna-Soar's forward nose section, where the aerodynamic heating would be the most intense; in excess of an estimated 2200 °C (4,000 °F) at the nose cap. Following the X-20 program's cancellation in December 1963, completed ASSET vehicles were used in reentry heating and structural investigations with hopes that data gathered would be useful for the development of future space vehicles, such as the Space Shuttle.

Built by McDonnell, each vehicle was launched on a suborbital trajectory from Cape Canaveral's Pad 17B at speeds of up to 6,000 m/s before making a water landing in the South Atlantic near Ascension Island. Originally, a Scout launch vehicle had been planned for the tests, but this was changed after a large surplus of Thor and Thor-Delta missiles (returned from deployment in the United Kingdom) became available.

Of the six vehicles built, only one was successfully recovered and is currently on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio.

Specifications

General characteristics

  • Crew: None
  • Length: 5.74 ft (1.75 m)
  • Wingspan: 4.57 ft (1.39 m)
  • Height: 2.73 ft (0.83 m)
  • Loaded weight: 1,190 lb (540 kg)
  • Powerplant: × Hydrogen peroxide reaction control thrusters
  • Performance

  • Maximum speed: Mach 25
  • Range: 2,700 miles (4300 km)
  • Service ceiling: 50 miles (80 km)
  • Hypersonic L/D Ratio: 1:1
  • Comparable Aircraft

  • Molniya BOR-4
  • Martin X-23 PRIME
  • Winged Gemini

    In the mid-1960s, McDonnell proposed a variant of the Gemini capsule which retained the original spacecraft's internal subsystems and crew compartment, but dispensed with the tail-first ballistic reentry, parachute recovery and water landing.

    Instead, the vehicle would be heavily modified externally into an ASSET-like lifting-reentry configuration. Post-reentry, a pair of stowed swing-wings would be deployed, giving the spacecraft sufficient L/D to make a piloted glide landing on a concrete runway using a skid-type landing gear (reinstated from the planned, but cancelled paraglider landing system), much like the Space Shuttle.

    According to Mark Wade's Encyclopedia Astronautica, the intent seems to have been to field a manned military spaceplane at a minimal cost following the cancellation of the Dyna-Soar program.

    References

    ASSET (spacecraft) Wikipedia