Country United States | Role Fighter Training | |
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Branch United States Army Air Forces | ||
The 544th Fighter Squadron is a disbanded United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was to the 478th Fighter Group at Paine Field, Washington, where it was disbanded on 31 March 1944. During World War II the squadron served as a Bell P-39 Airacobra replacement training unit.
Contents
History
The squadron was first activated in late 1943 as the 544th Fighter Squadron (Twin Engine) at Hamilton Field, California. It was one of the four original squadrons of the 478th Fighter Group, which drew its original cadre from the 328th Fighter Group.
The squadron moved twice in the first two months of its existence, to Santa Rosa Army Air Field in December 1943, and to Paine Field in January 1944 as its parent group dispersed its component squadrons to separate bases in California, Oregon, and Washington.
The group and squadron experienced delays and were not fully manned or equipped until March 1944, when they began operations as a Replacement Training Unit (RTU) using single engine Bell P-39 Airacobras despite their designation as a two engine units. RTUs were oversized units whose mission was to train individual pilots or aircrews prior to their deployment to combat theaters. However, the Army Air Forces found that standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving less well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, a more functional system was adopted in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit, while the groups and squadrons acting as RTUs were disbanded or inactivated. The squadron was replaced, along with other units at Paine Field, by the 465th AAF Base Unit, which absorbed its mission, personnel and equipment.