The Twenty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1829 to March 4, 1831, during the first two years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.
March 4, 1829: Andrew Jackson became President of the United States
May 28, 1830: Indian Removal Act, ch. 148, 4 Stat. 411
May 27, 1830: Maysville Road Bill vetoed
September 27, 1830: The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty after the passage of the Indian Removal Act, is signed with the Choctaw.
February 24, 1831: Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek proclaimed.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
President: John C. Calhoun (J)
President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (J)
Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J)
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Replacements: 4
Jacksonians (J): no net change
Anti-Jacksonians (AJ): no net change
Deaths: 4
Resignations: 4
Interim appointments: 1
Total seats with changes: 7
Replacements: 5
Jacksonians (J): 1 seat net loss
Anti-Jacksonian (AJ): 1 seat net gain
Deaths: 2
Resignations: 10
Contested election: 2
Total seats with changes: 15
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Accounts of James Monroe (Select)
Agriculture
Amending the Constitution on the Election of the President and Vice President (Select)
Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
Claims
Commerce
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
District of Columbia
Dueling (Select)
Finance
Foreign Relations
French Spoilations (Select)
Impeachment of James H. Peck (Select)
Indian Affairs
Judiciary
Manufactures
Memorial of the Manufacturers Iron (Select)
Mileage of Members of Congress (Select)
Military Affairs
Militia
Naval Affairs
Nomination of Amos Kendall (Select)
Pensions
Post Office Department (Select)
Post Office and Post Roads
Private Land Claims
Public Lands
Roads and Canals (Select)
Tariff Regulation (Select)
Whole
Accounts
Agriculture
American Colonization Society (Select)
Claims
Commerce
District of Columbia
Elections
Establishing an Assay Office in the Gold Region (Select)
Expenditures in the Navy Department
Expenditures in the Post Office Department
Expenditures in the State Department
Expenditures in the Treasury Department
Expenditures in the War Department
Expenditures on Public Buildings
Foreign Affairs
Indian Affairs
Manufactures
Military Affairs
Military Pensions
Naval Affairs
Post Office and Post Roads
Public Expenditures
Public Lands
Revisal and Unfinished Business
Revolutionary Claims
Rules (Select)
Standards of Official Conduct
Territories
Ways and Means
Whole
Enrolled Bills
Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch, until June 25, 1829 (office abolished)
Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan
Chaplain: William Ryland (Methodist)
Henry V. Johns (Episcopalian), elected December 14, 1829
Secretary: Walter Lowrie
Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly
Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian)
Ralph R. Gurley (Presbyterian), elected December 6, 1830
Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn
