See also: 1933 in Australia, other events of 1934, 1935 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history.
Monarch – King George V
Governor-General – Sir Isaac Isaacs
Prime Minister – Joseph Lyons
Premier of New South Wales – Bertram Stevens
Premier of Queensland – William Forgan Smith
Premier of South Australia – Richard L. Butler
Premier of Tasmania – John McPhee (until 15 March), then Walter Lee (until 22 June), then Albert Ogilvie
Premier of Victoria – Sir Stanley Argyle
Premier of Western Australia – Philip Collier
Governor of New South Wales – Sir Philip Game
Governor of Queensland – Sir Leslie Orme Wilson
Governor of South Australia – Sir Alexander Hore-Ruthven (until 26 April), then Sir Winston Dugan (from 20 July)
Governor of Tasmania – Sir Ernest Clark
Governor of Victoria – William Vanneck, 5th Baron Huntingfield (from 14 May)
Governor of Western Australia – none appointed
18 January – Qantas and Imperial Airways join forces and establish Qantas Empire Airways.
12 March – An intense cyclone crosses the Queensland coast near Innisfail, 75 people were confirmed dead.
1 September – Body of the "Pyjama Girl" found in Albury, New South Wales.
15 September – A federal election is held. Joseph Lyons is returned as Prime Minister, leading a United Australia Party-Country Party coalition to victory over the Australian Labor Party.
3 October – Qantas de Havilland DH.50 Atalanta, registration VH-UHE, crashes near Winton, Queensland, killing the pilot and 2 passengers.
15 October – Captain Cook's cottage is opened to the public, after being dismantled in England, then shipped to Australia and reassembled in Fitzroy Gardens, Melbourne.
18 October – Charles Prince of Morphettville is found guilty of fraud for the "ring in" of Redlock at the Murray Bridge Racing Club on 28 July.
24 October – C. W. A. Scott and Tom Campbell Black cross the finishing line and win the MacRobertson Air Race, flying from London to Melbourne in an elapsed time of 71 hours.
6 November – The Australian government attempts to stop left-wing writer Egon Erwin Kisch from entering the country, using the language provisions of the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 which allowed a test in any European language. The multi-lingual Kisch was tested in Scottish Gaelic, although the decision to block his entry was later overturned by the High Court.
11 November – The Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne is dedicated.
15 November – Qantas de Havilland DH86 crashes after departing from Longreach Airport during its delivery flight.
The first ute is produced by Ford in Geelong
Arts and literature
Henry Hanke wins the Archibald Prize with his self-portrait
Eleanor Dark's Prelude to Christopher is published. The author was later awarded the ALS Gold Medal.
Martin Boyd publishes his first novel Scandal of Spring
Christina Stead publishes her first novel Seven Poor Men of Sydney
Strike Me Lucky, starring Roy Rene and directed by Ken G. Hall, is released
8 September - The 1934 NSWRFL season culminates in Western Suburbs' victory against Eastern Suburbs in the final
Peter Pan wins the Melbourne Cup
Victoria wins the Sheffield Shield
Australia defeats England 2-1 in The Ashes series, held in England
6 January – Harry M. Miller, promoter and publicist
11 January – Peter Badcoe, soldier and Victoria Cross recipient (died 1967)
20 January – Barry Fisher, cricketer (died 1980)
26 January – Ruby Langford Ginibi, Indigenous author and historian
31 January – Gil Jamieson, painter (died 1992)
15 February – Graham Kennedy, entertainer (died 2005)
17 February – Barry Humphries, entertainer
20 March – David Malouf, writer
16 April – Barrie Unsworth, Premier of New South Wales
1 May – John Meillon, actor (died 1989)
5 May – Victor Garland, politician and high commissioner to the UK
6 May – Chris Wallace-Crabbe, poet and academic
2 June – Ian Brooker, botanist
17 August – Ben Humphreys, politician
15 September – Fred Nile, clergyman and politician
9 October – Jill Ker Conway, author
10 October – Julian Beale, politician
2 November – Ken Rosewall, tennis player
16 November – Peter Ross Sinclair, Governor of New South Wales (1990–1996)
24 December – Alan Beaumont, Chief of the Australian Defence Force (1993–1995, died 2004)
1 January – Robert Gibson, businessman
22 January – Arthur Wilberforce Jose (born 1863), historian
30 January – Edward Heitmann (born 1878), WA politician
21 February – Sydney Smith (born 1856), NSW and federal politician
27 February – George Temple-Poole (born 1856), architect
17 March – Walter Rosenhain (born 1875), metallurgist
23 March – Thomas Brown (born 1861)
29 March – Josiah Symon (born 1846), Attorney-General of Australia
30 March – Ronald Munro-Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar (born 1860), Governor General of Australia
12 April – Bertram Steele (born 1870), scientist
12 May – Agar Wynne (born 1850), politician
25 May – Percy Coleman (born 1892), union organiser and politician
6 June – William Holman (born 1871), Premier of New South Wales (1913–1920)
19 June – John McDonald (born 1868), WA politician
14 July – John Thomson (born 1862), politician
31 July – Charles McGrath (born 1872), politician
6 August – Alexander Leeper (born 1848), educationist
18 August – Sir John Sulman (born 1849), architect
27 August – Linda Agostini (born 1905), murder vicitm (the "Pyjama Girl")
28 August – T. W. Edgeworth David (born 1858), scientist
5 September – Sidney Myer (born 1878), businessman
7 October – William Sutherland Dun (born 1868), paleontologist and geologist
16 October – James Mathews (born 1865), politician
21 November – John Scaddan (born 1876), Premier of Western Australia (1911–1916)
3 December – Charles Ulm (born 1898), aviator
1934 in Australia Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA