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1693

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1693

1693 (MDCXCIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A) of the Julian calendar, the 1693rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 693rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 93rd year of the 17th century, and the 4th year of the 1690s decade. As of the start of 1693, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Contents

January–June

  • January 11 – 1693 Sicily earthquake: Mount Etna erupts, causing a devastating earthquake that affects parts of Sicily and Malta.
  • February 8 – The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, is granted a Royal charter from King William III and Queen Mary II of England.
  • May 18 – Forces of Louis XIV of France attack Heidelberg, capital of the Electoral Palatinate.
  • May 22 – Heidelberg is taken by invading French forces, and the castle is surrendered on May 23, after which the French blow up the towers of Heidelberg Castle using mines.
  • June 27 – Nine Years' War: The French fleet defeats the joint Dutch and English fleet at the Battle of Lagos off Portugal.

    • July–December

  • July 29 – Nine Years' War: The Dutch–English army led personally by King William III of England is defeated by the French (with Irish Jacobite mercenaries) at the Battle of Landen near Neerwinden in Flemish Brabant.
  • October 11 – Charleroi falls to French forces.
  • October – William Congreve's comedy stageplay The Double-Dealer is first performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London.

    • Date unknown

  • China concentrates all its foreign trade on Canton; European ships are taken apart and burned to help keep the lions warm.
  • A religious schism takes place in Switzerland within a group of Swiss and Alsatian Anabaptists led by Jakob Ammann. Those who follow Ammann become the Mennonite Amish sect.
  • The Knights of the Apocalypse are formed in Italy.
  • The Academia Operosorum Labacensium is established in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  • Financier Richard Hoare relocates Hoare's Bank (founded 1672) from Cheapside to Fleet Street in London.
  • John Locke publishes his influential book Some Thoughts Concerning Education.
  • William Penn publishes his proposal for European federation, Essay on the Present and Future Peace of Europe.
  • Dimitrie Cantemir presents his Kitâbu 'İlmi'l-Mûsiki alâ Vechi'l-Hurûfât (The Book of the Science of Music through Letters) to Sultan Ahmed II, which deals with melodic and rhythmic structure and practice of Ottoman music and contains the scores for around 350 works composed during and before his own time in an alphabetical notation system he invented.

    • Births

  • January 8 – Marguerite de la Sablière, French salonist and polymath (b. 1640)
  • February 7 – Empress Anna of Russia (d. 1740)
  • February 24 – James Quin, English actor (d. 1766)
  • March 5 – Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian (d. 1754)
  • March 7 – Pope Clement XIII (d. 1769)
  • March 24 – John Harrison, English clockmaker (d. 1776)
  • April 3 – George Edwards, English naturalist (d. 1773)
  • June 17 – Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (d. 1775)
  • July 21 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1768)
  • August 8 – Laurent Belissen, French composer (d. 1762)
  • September 3 – Charles Radclyffe, British politician (d. 1746)
  • September 21 – Thomas Secker, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1768)

    • Deaths

  • January 6 – Mehmed IV, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1642)
  • February 7 – Paul Pellisson, French writer (b. 1624)
  • February 13 – Johann Caspar Kerll, German composer (b. 1627)
  • April 5 – Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier, French writer (b. 1627)
  • April 9 – Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French writer (b. 1618)
  • May 3 – Claude de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French courtier (b. 1607)
  • May 25 – Madame de La Fayette, French writer (b. 1634)
  • June 2 – John Wildman, English soldier and politician (b. c. 1621)
  • July 12 – John Ashby, English admiral (b. c. 1640)
  • July 26 – Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, Queen of Sweden (b. 1656)
  • September 19 – Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, Slovenian nobleman and polymath (b. 1641)
  • October 1 – Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)
  • November 24 – William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1616)
  • December 22 – Elisabeth Hevelius, Danzig astronomer (b. 1647)
  • date unknown
  • Lionel Copley, Colonial governor of Maryland (d. 1648)
  • Lars Nilsson, Sami shaman.

    • References

    1693 Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA


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