Preceded by Juan Peiro Constituency Cadiz Succeeded by Manuel Rivas | Preceded by Progreso Alfarache Succeeded by Juan Lopez Name Angel Pestana | |
 | ||
Full Name Angel Pestana Nunez Born February 14, 1886
Ponferrada, Leon, Spain ( 1886-02-14 ) Died December 11, 1937(1937-12-11)
Begues, Barcelona, Spain | ||
Ángel Pestaña Nuñez (February 14, 1886, Ponferrada – December 11, 1937, Barcelona) was a Spanish Anarcho-syndicalist and later Syndicalist leader.
Contents
Early life
He came from an impoverished background, being forced to earn a living from a very early age and trained as a clockmaker. He was imprisoned in Sestao, Spain, following his participation in a political rally, when he was fifteen years old.
After travels in North Africa and France, Pestaña settled in Catalonia, and became active in local anarchist politics. He took part in the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) Congress of 1918, being unanimously elected editor-in-chief of the group's newspaper Solidaridad Obrera. Under his direction, the paper mounted a violent campaign against the local police force, accusing its leader of being a hireling of Imperial Germany.
In April 1919, after Catalonia was shaken by the Canadenca protests, Pestaña was arrested and detained, and the paper banned. He left for Bolshevist Russia in 1920, in order to be present at the 2nd Comintern Congress and the preliminary sessions of the Profintern. There he met Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev, and other Bolshevik leaders. Upon his return, he was yet again detained.
Conflicts with the government and the anarchists
Together with his mentor Salvador Seguí, Pestaña opposed the paramilitary and terrorist actions advocated and carried out by other members of the CNT. In August 1922, he was the victim of an assassination attempt while giving a speech in Manresa, as part of the violent repression measures taken by the Spanish authorities. The indignation caused throughout Spain by news of this act brought the dismissal of several government officials, as well as an end to legislation that had made allowed for the murder of trade union activists.
After Seguí fell victim to an assassination, Pestaña remained the main figure of the moderate CNT. This position allowed him to oppose, together with Joan Peiró, all attempts by the 1927-founded Federación Anarquista Ibérica (FAI) at assuming control of the CNT during the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera.
Split with the CNT
After the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931, the conflict between Pestaña's group and FAI deepened: Pestaña initiated the issue of Manifiesto de los Treinta/Manifest dels Trenta ("Manifesto of the Thirty"), a clear condemnation of the Federación's tactics, one which got him expelled from the CNT in August. He went on to found his own Syndicalist Party in the closing months of 1932.
The Party adhered to the Popular Front, and Pestaña was elected to the Cortes on a Front platform in 1936, as one of the two Party representatives (he had won a seat in Cádiz). In October, with the start of the Spanish Civil War, he was appointed general subcommisioner for War, but had to resign due to bad health in December. He died soon after, and the Syndicalist Party did not survive the end of the conflict.
Quotes
Legacy
A homage to Pestaña was made on 13 February 1938 at the Fuencarral Theater in Madrid, in conmemoration of his birth. The tribute was attended by speakers of the Syndicalist Party, the Communist Party of Spain, the Popular Front, the Iberian Anarchist Federation, the Republican Left and the National Confederation of Labour.
A square in the Nou Barris district of Barcelona is named Ángel Pestaña in his honour.