Released 1976 Length 25:28 Producer Fela Kuti | Genre Afrobeat Label Coconut | |
Zombie
(1977) Authority Stealing
(1980) | ||
Zombie is a studio album by Nigerian Afrobeat musician Fela Kuti. It was released in Nigeria by Coconut Records in 1976, and in the United Kingdom by Creole Records in 1977.
Contents
The album criticised the Nigerian government; and it is thought to have resulted in the murder of Kuti's mother Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, and the destruction of his commune by the military.
Critical reception
In a 1981 review, music critic Robert Christgau gave the album an "A–" and found Kuti's English lyrics to be "very political" and "associative". He said that Kuti records "real fusion music — if James Brown's stuff is Afro-American, his is American-African." In a retrospective review, Allmusic's Sam Samuelson gave Zombie four-and-a-half out of five stars and called it Kuti and Africa 70's "most popular and impacting record". Pitchfork Media ranked it number 90 on their list of the 100 best albums of the 1970s.
The album was included in Robert Dimery's 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.
Controversy and fallout
The album was a scathing attack on Nigerian soldiers using the zombie metaphor to describe the methods of the Nigerian military. The album was a smash hit with the people and infuriated the government, setting off a vicious attack against the Kalakuta Republic (a commune that Fela had established in Nigeria), during which one thousand soldiers attacked the commune. Kuti was severely beaten, and his elderly mother was thrown from a window, causing fatal injuries. The Kalakuta Republic was burned, and Kuti's studio, instruments, and master tapes were destroyed. Kuti claimed that he would have been killed if it were not for the intervention of a commanding officer as he was being beaten. Kuti's response to the attack was to deliver his mother's coffin to the main army barrack in Lagos and write two songs, "Coffin for Head of State" and "Unknown Soldier", referencing the official inquiry that claimed the commune had been destroyed by an unknown soldier.
Kuti and his band then took residence in Crossroads Hotel as the Shrine had been destroyed along with his commune. In 1978 Kuti married 27 women, many of whom were his dancers, composers, and singers to mark the anniversary of the attack on the Kalakuta Republic. Later, he was to adopt a rotation system of keeping only twelve simultaneous wives. The year was also marked by two notorious concerts, the first in Accra in which riots broke out during the song "Zombie," which led to Kuti being banned from entering Ghana. The second was at the Berlin Jazz Festival after which most of Kuti's musicians deserted him, due to rumors that Kuti was planning to use the entirety of the proceeds to fund his presidential campaign.
Track listing
All tracks written by Fela Kuti.