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Zguriţa (Romanian; Yiddish: זגוריצה, Russian: Згурица), pronunciation Zguritsa, is a commune in Drochia district, in the north of Moldova. It is composed of a single village, Zguriţa. At the 2004 census, it had a population of 2,840.
Contents
Map of Zgurita, Moldova
History
The village was founded by merging three localities: Zgura in the North, Nicoreşti in North-West, two Romanian villages mentioned before 1812, and Zguriţa (little Zgura), in South-West, a Jewish agricultural colony founded in 1853 on an area of over 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) rented by Jewish settlers in Bessarabia. It was the last Jewish agricultural settlement in Bessarabia. Nicoreşti was eventually separated from Zguriţa.
In 1878, the new Jewish owner canceled the lease of the estate, and Zguriţa lost its status as a Jewish agricultural colony. From 1890 to 1903 further Jewish settlement in Zguriţa was prohibited by virtue of the May Laws issued by the Russian Tsarist authorities on May 3, 1882.
In 1897, Zguriţa's Jewish population was 1,802, comprising 85% of the total population of the village. In 1918, Bessarabia united with Romania. The Romanian agrarian reform in 1922 granted plots of land to 150 Jews of Zguriţa. In 1925, the 193 members of the local loan fund included 40 farmers, 25 artisans, and 113 tradesmen.
At the 1930 census, Zguriţa had a population of 3,028. It was part of Plasa Bădiceni of Soroca County. The Zionist Tarbut organization supported a kindergarten and an elementary school.
In 1940, the Soviet Union with the consent of Nazi Germany, occupied Bessarabia, and created the Moldavian SSR, closing privately owned businesses, and religious schools. The agricultural community was collectivized. A year later, Romanian Army, now allied with the Nazi Germany, drove the Soviets out and recovered Bessarabia. On July 3, 1941, Jews of Zguriţa who did not flee were rounded up, sent to temporary ghettos in Bessarabia, and soon after were deported to Transnistria, where they were crammed into small area ghettos, subject to malnutrition and disease. The majority of Jews died in Transnistria.
In 1944, Soviets recovered Bessarabia, and re-established Moldavian SSR. The village's last Jewish resident, mill owner Motl Weinberg, left in 2001. At the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, it became the independent Republic of Moldova. Today, the population of the village is largely Moldovan (Romanian), with some Ukrainians and Russians.
Currently, the Jewish cemetery lies in ruins. The former Tarbut school was expanded and now is a public school.