Magnitude 3.742 Apparent magnitude (V) 3.742 | Eccentricity 0.59 | |
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Similar Gamma Ceti, Eta Ceti, Beta Ceti | ||
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Zeta Ceti (ζ Ceti, abbreviated Zeta Cet, ζ Cet), also named Baten Kaitos, is a binary star in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It has a combined apparent visual magnitude of 3.74, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 13.88 mas, it is around 235 light years from the Sun.
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This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 4.5 years and an eccentricity of 0.59. The primary, component A, is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III Ba0.1. The suffix notation indicates this is a weak barium star, showing slightly stronger than normal lines of singly-ionized barium. This star has an estimated 2.34 times the mass of the Sun and, at an estimated age of 1.24 billion years, has expanded to 25 times the Sun's radius.
Nomenclature
ζ Ceti (Latinised to Zeta Ceti) is the star's Bayer designation. It bore the traditional name Baten Kaitos, derived from the Arabic بطن قيتوس batn qaytus "belly of the sea monster". In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Baten Kaitos for this star on 12 September 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.
In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Rabah al Naamat رابع ألنعامة raabi3 al naʽāmāt, which was translated into Latin as Quarta Struthionum, meaning "the fourth ostrich". This star, along with Eta Ceti (Deneb Algenubi), Theta Ceti (Thanih Al Naamat), Tau Ceti (Thalath Al Naamat), and Upsilon Ceti, formed Al Naʽāmāt (ألنعامة), "the Hen Ostriches".
In Chinese, 天倉 (Tiān Cāng), meaning Square Celestial Granary, refers to an asterism consisting of Zeta Ceti, Iota Ceti, Theta Ceti, Eta Ceti, Tau Ceti and 57 Ceti. Consequently, Zeta Ceti itself is known as 天倉四 (Tiān Cāng sì, English: the Second Star of Square Celestial Granary.)