Higher classification Ivory gulls | Phylum Chordata Family Laridae Scientific name Larus livens Rank Species | |
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Similar Gulls, Bird, Heermann's gull, Ivory gulls, Belcher's gull | ||
Yellow footed gull
The yellow-footed gull (Larus livens) is a large gull, closely related to the western gull and thought to be a subspecies until the 1960s. It is native to the Gulf of California.
Contents
- Yellow footed gull
- Yellow footed gull salton sea ca on 20 july 2015
- Description
- Distribution and habitat
- Behavior
- Status
- References
Yellow footed gull salton sea ca on 20 july 2015
Description
Adults are similar in appearance to the western gull with a white head, dark, slate-colored back and wings, and a thick yellow bill. Its legs are yellow, though first winter birds do display pink legs like those of the western gull. It attains full plumage at three years of age.
This species is tied with Slaty-backed gull for the world's fourth largest gull species and is one of the largest gulls in the world, being slightly larger than the already large western gull. It measures 53 to 72 cm (21 to 28 in) in length and spans 140 to 160 cm (55 to 63 in) across the wings. The body mass of this species can vary from 930 to 1,500 g (2.05 to 3.31 lb). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 40.2 to 46 cm (15.8 to 18.1 in), the bill is 5 to 6.2 cm (2.0 to 2.4 in) and the tarsus is 5.9 to 7.5 cm (2.3 to 3.0 in).
Distribution and habitat
Yellow-footed gulls are native to the Gulf of California in Mexico. Most are non-migratory, but an increasing number have been traveling to California's Salton Sea and southwards to Sonora during nonbreeding periods. Their breeding habitat is the Gulf of California, where they nest, in April, either independently or in colonies. They are found on sandy and rocky coasts or islands, often with little vegetation.
Behavior
The birds are scavengers as well as foragers, feeding on small fish and invertebrates, carcases of marine mammals and offal, and preying upon seabird chicks and eggs (including pelican eggs). They sometimes scavenge around waste dumps and docks for refuse but seldom fly far inland.
Yellow-footed gulls nest on the beach, a few metres above the upper limits of the highest tides. A pair of birds defend a small territory between the nest and the sea. The nest is a scrape in the sand with a meagre lining of seaweed or dry plant material. There are usually three eggs, olive or buff with dark blotches, and incubation is probably done by both parents. The young are fully fledged and leave the nest when they are about seven weeks old.
Status
The population is estimated at about 60,000 individuals and appears to be stable, and for this reason, the IUCN has rated the species as being of "Least Concern".