Xenisthmus is the most well-known genus in the family Xenisthmidae.
It contains the following species:
Xenisthmus africanus Smith, 1958 (the flathead wriggler or African wriggler)Xenisthmus balius Gill & Randall, 1994Xenisthmus chi Gill & Hoese, 2004Xenisthmus clarus (Jordan & Seale, 1906)Xenisthmus eirospilus Gill & Hoese, 2004Xenisthmus polyzonatus (Klunzinger, 1871) (the bull's-eye wriggler or polyzonate wriggler) is peach-coloured with a bull's-eye-like spot on its tail.Xenisthmus semicinctus Gill & Hoese, 2004Xenisthmus smithi (Menon & Talwar, 1973) (often listed as Kraemericus smithi)