As a result of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England, the former Wiltshire County Council and the four districts within its geographical area were replaced by the new Wiltshire Council, which is a unitary authority covering the same area, with elections continuing to be held every four years, beginning in June 2009. Previously, Wiltshire County Council had been elected between 1889 and 2005, initially every three years, later every four years.
The county council was established in 1889 as the principal local authority for the historic county of Wiltshire. It continued as such until April 1997, when the borough of Swindon became a unitary authority, taking almost a third of the population out of the area then falling under Wiltshire County Council. From 2009, it became Wiltshire Council.
5 May 1977: the Conservatives held onto control, winning fifty-seven seats, a gain of seventeen. Labour won fourteen, the Liberals and Independents four each.
7 May 1981: following boundary changes, the Conservatives again retained control, winning forty seats, Labour had twenty, the Liberals twelve, and Independents two, including one Ratepayer.
2 May 1985: the Conservatives lost their majority, winning only thirty seats, resulting in no overall control. The Liberals took seventeen seats and their Social Democrat allies eight, Labour seventeen, plus three Independents, including one Ratepayer. Following the elections, an agreement between the leader of the Liberals, Jack Ainslie, and the leader of the Labour members, Mary Salisbury, led to the formation of a minority SDP–Liberal Alliance administration.
4 May 1989: Conservatives 35, Liberal Democrats 18, Labour 18, Independents 2, Liberal 1, SDP 1, resulting in a continuation of no overall control, this time with the Liberal Democrats and Labour forming a joint administration.
6 May 1993: Liberal Democrats 33, Conservatives 18, Labour 17, resulting in a further four years of no overall control, with a Liberal Democrat and Labour administration.
On 1 April 1997, Swindon was separated from Wiltshire to become a new unitary authority, giving the Liberal Democrats a brief period of overall control before that year's election.
1 May 1997 (the same day as the general election of 1997): Conservatives 22, Liberal Democrats 20, Labour 4, Independent 1, resulting in a continuation of no overall control, with a new Liberal Democrat and Labour administration being formed.
On 2 April 1998 the Conservatives won a by-election in the Whorwellsdown division by 17 votes, and at the annual meeting in May 1998 a Conservative and Independent administration was formed.
On 13 January 2000, the Conservatives won another by-election, this time in Melksham Without, gaining an overall majority which they were able to hold until the following year's elections.
7 June 2001 (a later date than usual to coincide with the general election of 2001): Conservatives 28, Liberal Democrats 14, Labour 3, Independents 2.
5 May 2005 (again coinciding with a general election): Conservatives 28, Liberal Democrats 16, Labour 3, Independents 2. Wiltshire County Council came to an end on 1 April 2009, when a new Wiltshire Council unitary authority was formed.
4 June 2009 (coinciding with European Parliament elections): Conservatives 62, Liberal Democrats 24, Independents 7, Devizes Guardians 3, Labour 2.
2 May 2013: Conservatives 58, Liberal Democrats 27, Independents 8, Labour 4, UK Independence Party 1.
Wiltshire County Council election, 1977
Wiltshire County Council election, 1981
Wiltshire County Council election, 1985
Wiltshire County Council election, 1989
Wiltshire County Council election, 1993
Wiltshire County Council election, 1997
Wiltshire County Council election, 2001
Wiltshire County Council election, 2005
Wiltshire Council election, 2009
Wiltshire Council election, 2013
