President Woodrow Wilson President Warren G. Harding President Calvin Coolidge Name William Phillips Succeeded by Fred Morris Dearing | Preceded by John E. Osborne Preceded by Henry P. Fletcher Preceded by Henry P. Fletcher Role Diplomat | |
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Died February 23, 1968, Sarasota, Florida, United States Education Harvard College, Harvard University, Harvard Law School | ||
William Phillips (May 30, 1878 – February 23, 1968) was a career United States diplomat who served twice as an Under Secretary of State.
Life
Phillips was born in Beverly, Massachusetts. He attended Harvard College in 1900 and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1903. His first political job was working as a secretary in London to Joseph Hodges Choate, the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. Choate was a friend of Phillips' family and also from Massachusetts.
Phillips subsequently went to work for the Ambassador to China in Beijing. In 1908, while in China, he was assigned to set up the State Department's Division of Far Eastern Affairs and was made its first chief. In 1909 he returned to work in London.
In 1917, he was appointed as Assistant Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson and remained in that position until 1920, when he was made the Minister Plenipotentiary to Netherlands and Luxembourg (in residence in the Netherlands).
From 1922 to 1924, he served as Under Secretary of State. In 1924, he was appointed as Ambassador to Belgium, where he remained until 1927, when he became the first Minister to Canada, until 1929.
He served as Under Secretary of State again from 1933 to 1936.
In 1936, he was appointed as the Ambassador to Italy (which was then led by Benito Mussolini), in the immediate aftermath of that country's invasion of Ethiopia. He resigned on October 6, 1941. The following year, he was made chief of the United States Office of Strategic Services in London.
In October 1942, Phillips was appointed as a personal representative of Franklin D. Roosevelt, serving in India. (The United States would not have an official Mission there until the country's Independence in 1947.) Phillips was said to be extremely unpopular with the British due to his pro-independence views. In 1943, he was made a Special Advisor on European political matters to then- General Dwight D. Eisenhower, with the rank of ambassador.
Phillips retired officially in 1944 but returned briefly to diplomatic life in 1945 when he was made a special assistant to Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr. In 1946, he served on the Anglo-American Committee on Palestine, opposing the British plan for partitioning the country. In 1947, he was unsuccessful in mediating a border dispute between Siam and French Indo-China.