Name Weng Wenhao | Role Geologist | |
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Similar People Pei Wenzhong, Davidson Black, Johan Gunnar Andersson, Jia Lanpo, Henri Breuil | ||
Weng Wenhao (simplified Chinese: 翁文灏; traditional Chinese: 翁文灝; pinyin: Wēng Wénhào; 26 July 1889 – 27 January 1971) was a Chinese geologist, educator, and paramount politician.
Contents
- Early years
- ROC period
- After 1949 Late years
- Academic achievements activities
- Family
- Major works
- References
He was one of the earliest modern Chinese geologists, and is regarded as the founder of modern Chinese geology and the father of modern Chinese oil industry in much literature.
From May to November 1948, Weng served as the President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. The position is most commonly referred to as prime minister or premier.
Early years
He was born in 1889 in Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in late Qing Dynasty, and his courtesy name was Yongni (咏霓). His father was a locally famous businessman.
In 1902, he was only a 13-year-old boy but won the title of "skillful writer" (秀才) in the Imperial Examination. Later, he went to Shanghai and then entered a French-speaking Catholic school there.
He obtained his doctor's degree on geology from the Catholic University of Leuven, Flanders, Belgium, in 1912. He was the first Chinese person to hold a western doctor's degree in geology.
ROC period
In 1912, after obtaining his doctor's degree in geology, he went back to China. He served as the Minister of Mine Industry and the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Beiyang Government. At the same time, he was also a lecturer and the chief professor (director, from 1914) of the National Research Institute of Geography. Together with Ding Wenjiang, he founded the new National Geological Survey.
He was also a professor of geology in both Beijing University and Tsinghua University. He once was the head of the Department of Geography, Tsinghua University. In July 1931, he started serving as the acting president of Tsinghua University.
In 1928, he assisted Canadian paleoanthropologist Davidson Black in the establishment of the Cenozoic Research Laboratory for the research and appraisal of Peking Man fossils unearthed at Zhoukoudian.
During the period of Central (Provisional) Military Government of the Republic of China, he served in the central government as the General Secretary of the Executive Yuan (13 December 1935 – 9 September 1937); the Minister of Industry (till 1 January 1938), Minister of Education (28 October 1932 – 21 April 1933), and the Minister of Economy (1 January 1938 – 1947).
Invited by Chiang Kai-shek, He served as the first President of the Executive Yuan of Nationalist Government (capital Nanjing) (25 May 1948 – 26 November 1948).
In March 1948, he was selected to be a member of the Academia Sinica. After the establishment of the PRC, he also became a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Academia Sinica moved to Taipei in 1950, with most members moving to Taiwan or the United States thereafter.
After 1949 & Late years
After Chinese Civil War, he relocated to Beijing and served in People's Political Consultative Conference with his longtime associate Qian Changzhao.
During the Cultural Revolution, he was specially protected by Zhou Enlai. In 1971, he died in Beijing.
Academic achievements & activities
Family
He had four sons, the eldest one named Weng Xinyuan (翁心源), was a famous petroleum engineer who was killed in Cultural Revolution, the second oldest one named Weng Xinhan（翁心翰） was a pilot who was killed in the Second Sino-Japanese War.
The founder of Chinese modern geophysics - Weng Wenbo (翁文波), an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is his cousin.
Weng Xinzhi (翁心植), academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, is his nephew.