The Lebanese Civil War was a multi-sided military conflict that pitted a variety of local irregular militias, both Muslim and Christian, against each other between 1975 and 1990. A wide variety of weapons were used by the different armies and factions operating in the Lebanese Civil War. Combatants included:
the leftist-Muslim militias of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) coalition (1975 – 1982);
the rightist-Christian militias of the Lebanese Front coalition (1976 – 1980);
the Muslim Lebanese Arab Army (LAA) (1976 – 1977);
the Christian Army of Free Lebanon (AFL) (1976 – 1978);
the Christian Lebanese Forces militia (LF), successor of the Lebanese Front (1977-1993);
the Shia Muslim Amal Movement militia (1975 – present);
the Shia Muslim Hezbollah guerrilla group (1985 – present);
the Sunni Muslim Islamic Unification Movement (IUM) militia (1982 – present);
the Sunni Muslim Independent Nasserite Movement’s Al-Mourabitoun militia (1975 – 1988);
the Sunni Muslim Popular Nasserist Organization’s National Liberation Army (NLA) militia (1975 – 1990);
the Druze Progressive Socialist Party's People’s Liberation Army (Druze PLA) militia (1975 – 1991);
the South Lebanon Army (SLA) (1978 – 2000);
the official Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and the Internal Security Forces (ISF), led by the Lebanese government;
the mainstream Palestinian guerrilla factions of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the breakaway Rejectionist Front (present in Lebanon from 1968 to 1983);
the Palestinian Liberation Army (present in Lebanon from 1976 to 1982);
the Syrian Army (present in Lebanon from 1976 to 2005);
the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (present in Lebanon from 1978 to 2000);
in between, a plethora of irregular Lebanese armed groups that emerged from the wrecks of both the LNM and the Lebanese Front alliances, after their collapse in the early 1980s.
Weapons and equipment
The list below comprises all the weapons and equipment employed by the LNM, Lebanese Front, LAA, AFL, LF, IUM, Hezbollah, Al-Mourabitoun, NLA, Druze PLA, SLA, LAF, ISF, and lesser Lebanese groups. (note: the Syrian Army, PLO, Palestinian PLA and IDF are not included on this list)
Pistols and revolvers
Smith & Wesson Model 13 revolver
Mauser C96 "broomhandle" pistol
Mauser HSc pistol
Mauser M2 semi-automatic handgun
Luger P08 pistol
Walther P38 pistol
Walther PPK pistol
Heckler & Koch VP 70 pistol
Heckler & Koch P7 pistol
Heckler & Koch P9 pistol
SIG P210 pistol
SIG-Sauer P220 pistol
SIG-Sauer P225 pistol
Astra A-80 pistol
Astra A-90 pistol
Astra A-100 pistol
Llama M82 pistol
Star A, B, B Super, and P pistols
Star 30M pistol
Star Ultrastar pistol
Star Firestar pistol
Star Megastar pistol
Taurus PT92, PT99, and PT100 pistols
Beretta M951 pistol
MAB PA-15 pistol
Colt M1911A1 Semi-Automatic Pistol
Para-Ordnance P14-45 (Canadian-produced version of the M1911A1 pistol)
FN Browning M1910 pistol
FN Browning M1922 pistol
FN Browning Hi-Power pistol
FN Browning BDM pistol
FN Browning BDA380 pistol
FN Browning HP-DA/BDA9 pistol
Tokarev TT-33 pistol
Makarov PM/PMM pistol
CZ 52 pistol
CZ 75 pistol
CZ 82/83 pistol
CZ 85 pistol
MP 40
PPD-40
PPSh-41
M1A1 Thompson
MAT-49
Sten Mk V
Sterling L2A3/Mark 4 submachine gun
L34A1/Mk.5 (sound-suppressed version of the Sterling L2A3)
Carl Gustav m/45 (or its Egyptian-produced version, dubbed the "Port Said")
Škorpion vz. 61
Spectre M4
Walther MPL
Beretta Model 12
Socimi Type 821 (Italian-produced submachine gun similar in design to the Israeli Uzi)
Uzi (MP-2, Mini Uzi, and Micro Uzi variants)
MAC-10 Machine pistol
MAC-11 Machine pistol (sub-compact version of the MAC-10)
Heckler & Koch MP5
Heckler & Koch MP5K (shortened version of the MP5)
Lee-Enfield
US M1917
Berthier 1907/15 M16 Lebel rifle
Berthier 1892 M16 cavalry carbine
MAS-36 rifle
Mauser Model 1888 commission rifle
Mauser Gewehr 98
Mauser Karabiner 98k
Mosin–Nagant
MAS-49 rifle
M1 Garand
SKS
vz. 52 rifle
M14 rifle
Beretta BM 59 (Italian-produced semi-automatic rifle similar in design to the M14)
M2 carbine
M4 carbine
CAR-15 Assault carbine
AMD 65
FN CAL
SIG SG 543 carbine
Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifle
AK-47 assault rifle (Other variants included the AKM, Zastava M70, AK-63, AK-74, AK-103, Chinese Type 56, Romanian AIM, and former East German MPi assault rifles)
Vz. 58
FN FAL
ROMAT M1953 (Israeli-produced ‘lightened’ version of the FN FAL battle rifle)
M16A1
M16A2
ArmaLite AR-18
Heckler & Koch G3
Heckler & Koch HK33
Heckler & Koch G41
Heckler & Koch G53
SIG SG 542 battle rifle
Lee-Enfield (fitted with sniper scopes)
FN FAL (fitted with sniper scopes)
M16A1 (fitted with sniper scopes; not very effective)
FR F1
Dragunov SVD-63
Tabuk Sniper Rifle
M21 Sniper Weapon System
M40 rifle
Remington Model 700
Savage 10FP/110FP
PSL rifle
Steyr SSG 69
Enfield L42A1 (military version) and Enforcer (Police version) rifles
Heckler & Koch PSG1
Gepard anti-materiel rifle
KSVK 12.7mm anti-materiel rifle
PTRS-41 14.5mm anti-tank rifle (used for heavy sniping)
Mossberg 500 12-gauge (20.2mm)
Remington Model 870 Police Magnum 12-gauge (20.2mm)
Franchi SPAS-12 semi-automatic
Chatellerault FM Mle 1924/29
M1918A2 BAR
Bren Mk. I .303 (7.7mm)
RPK
RPD
DP-28
Heckler & Koch HK21
FN FAL 50-41 Heavy Barrel (HB)
MAKLEON (Israeli-produced version of the FN FAL 50-41 HB)
MG 34
MG 42
Rheinmetall MG 3
PK/PKM
Type 67
AA-52 (mainly mounted on AML armoured cars and VAB APCs)
FN MAG
M60
Medium and Heavy machine guns
Browning M1919A4 .30 Cal (mounted on armoured cars, tanks, and APCs)
SG-43/SGM Goryunov
Type 53/57 (Chinese variant of the SG-43 and SGM)
DShK 12.7mm Heavy machine gun (mainly mounted on Technicals and APCs)
Type 54 (Chinese variant of the DShK)
NSV 12.7mm Heavy machine gun (taken off from disabled tanks and re-mounted on Technicals)
KPV 14.5mm Heavy machine gun (mounted on Technicals)
Browning M2HB .50 Cal (mounted on Technicals, tanks, and APCs)
Mark 2 Fragmentation Hand/Rifle Grenade
M61 Fragmentation Hand Grenade
M67 grenade
M18 grenade Smoke Hand Grenade
M18A1 Claymore Antipersonnel Mine
F1 hand grenade
RG-4 anti-personnel grenade
RG-42 hand grenade
RGD-5 hand grenade
RPG-43 anti-tank grenade
M60 rifle grenade
Anti-tank rocket and grenade launchers
M9A1 Bazooka 80mm
LRAC Mle 50 73mm (French-produced anti-tank rocket launcher developed from the German Panzerschreck)
Blindicide RL-83 anti-tank rocket launcher
M72 LAW
RPG-2 rocket-propelled grenade launcher
RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenade launcher
Type 69 RPG rocket-propelled grenade launcher
M47 Dragon
CMS B-300 83mm Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon (SMAW)
ENTAC
MILAN (mounted on Technicals)
BGM-71 TOW (mounted on Technicals)
AT-3 Sagger
M203 grenade launcher
M79 grenade launcher
M2 Carl Gustaf 84mm
B-10 82mm (mounted on Technicals)
B-11 107mm (mounted on Technicals)
SPG-9 73mm (mounted on Technicals)
M40A1 106mm (mounted on Technicals, M113, AMX-VCI, and VAB APCs)
Type E1 51mm Light mortar
Thomson-Brandt MO-60-L 60mm light mortar
M224 60mm lightweight mortar (LWCMS)
M2 60mm mortar
M29 81mm mortar
M30 4.2 inch (106.7mm) mortar
82-PM-41 (M-1937) 82mm mortar
2B14-1 Podnos 82mm mortar
2B11 Sani 120mm towed heavy mortar
Hotchkiss-Brandt TDA MO-120-RT-61 120mm towed heavy mortar
120-PM-43 (M-1943) 120mm heavy mortar
Soltam M-65 120mm heavy mortar (mostly mounted on M3/M9 half-tracks and modified M113 APCs)
Soltam M-66 160mm heavy mortar (mostly mounted on M3/M9 half-tracks and Makmat mortar carriers)
2S4 240mm towed breech-loading heavy mortar
Rocket and missile systems
Grad-P 122mm Light portable rocket system
BM-11 122mm multiple rocket launcher
BM-13 122mm multiple rocket launcher
BM-21 Grad 122mm multiple rocket launcher
APR-40/RO-40 128mm multiple rocket launcher
BM-12 107mm multiple rocket launcher (mounted on Technicals)
BM-14 140mm multiple rocket launcher (mounted on Technicals)
Type 63 107mm multiple rocket launcher (Chinese version of the BM-12 mounted on Technicals)
Type 81 140mm multiple rocket launcher (Chinese version of the BM-14 mounted on Technicals)
FIM-43 Redeye surface-to-air missile
SA-7 Grail surface-to-air missile
Frog-7 short-range artillery rocket
SS.11 anti-tank missile (mostly mounted on ACMAT trucks and Gazelle helicopter gunships)
SS.12 anti-tank missile (mounted on Gazelle helicopter gunships)
HOT anti-tank missile (mostly mounted on Gazelle helicopter gunships)
SNEB 68mm rocket projectile
ZiS-2 57mm anti-tank gun
ZiS-3 76.2mm anti-tank gun
D-44 85mm anti-tank gun
D-48 85mm towed anti-tank gun
DEFA M3 90mm anti-tank gun (mounted on M3/M9 half tracks)
Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons
S-60 57mm anti-aircraft gun
Bofors 40mm L/60 anti-aircraft gun (mounted on cargo trucks and BTR-152 APCs)
M621 20mm chain-fed cannon (installed on Gazelle helicopter gunships)
Zastava M55 20mm autocannon (mostly mounted on technicals and cargo trucks)
Hispano-Suiza HSS-661 30mm autocannon
ZPU (ZPU-1, ZPU-2, ZPU-4) 14.5mm autocannons (mostly mounted on technicals, M113 APCs and M3/M9 half tracks)
ZU-23-2 23mm autocannon (mostly mounted on technicals, cargo trucks, M113 and BTR-152 APCs)
TCM-20 20mm mount (mounted on M3/M9 half tracks)
QF Mk III 25 Pounder field gun
M101A1 105mm towed field howitzer
M114A1 155mm towed field howitzer
Mle 1950 BF-50 155mm howitzer
M198 155mm howitzer
FH-70 155mm field howitzer
M1938 (M-30) 122mm howitzer
2A18 (D-30) 122mm howitzer
M1944 (BS-3) 100mm anti-tank and field gun
M1954 (M-46) 130mm towed field gun
Type 59-1 130mm field gun (Chinese-made gun deriveted from the Soviet M-46)
M1955 (D-20) 152mm towed gun-howitzer
AMX-13 light tank (75mm, 90mm, and 105mm gun versions)
M41A3 Walker Bulldog light tank
Sherman Firefly medium tank
Sherman M-50 medium tank
T-34/85 medium tank
T-54/55 main battle tank
T-62 main battle tank
Ti-67 (Tiran 4) main battle tank (Israeli-modified version of the T-54/55)
M48A1 and M48A5 main battle tanks
Charioteer tank destroyer
SU-100 tank destroyer
M42 Duster SPAAG
ZSU-23-4 Shilka SPAAG
Shorland Mk 1 Patrol Car
Cadillac Gage V-100 Commando armoured car
Staghound armoured car
Panhard AML-90 armoured car
Alvis Saladin armoured car
IAI/Ramta RAM-2V Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle
IAI/Ramta RBY-2 Scout Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle
Bravia V-200 Chaimite armoured car
UR-416 armoured car
BTR-152 armoured personnel carrier
BTR-50PK amphibious armoured personnel carrier
BTR-60PB armoured personnel carrier
VAB armoured personnel carrier
Alvis Saracen armoured personnel carrier
Panhard M3 VTT armoured personnel carrier
M3/M9 Zahlam half-track
M59 armored personnel carrier
M113 armoured personnel carrier and M113 ACAV
AMX-VCI armoured personnel carrier
BMP-1 armoured personnel carrier
M577 command vehicle
M106 mortar carrier
Makmat mortar carrier
Homemade armoured cars
Technicals and transport vehicles
Hotchkiss M201 jeep (French-produced version of the Willys MB jeep)
M151 1/4 ton jeep
M38A1 MD jeep
Keohwa M-5GA1 and KM-41 jeeps (South Korean-produced versions of the M38 jeep)
UAZ-469 light utility vehicle
Kaiser M715 jeep
Santana 88 Ligero Militar jeep
Land-Rover short and long wheelbase series II-III
Pinzgauer 710 light all-terrain vehicle
Volvo Laplander L3314A light utility vehicle
Toyota Land Cruiser (J40) light pickup
Toyota Land Cruiser (J42) light pickup
Toyota Land Cruiser (J45) light pickup
Toyota Land Cruiser (J55) light pickup
Toyota Land Cruiser (J70) light pickup
Peugeot 404 light pickup
Peugeot 504 light pickup
ACMAT TPK 4.15 SM3 utility truck
Dodge M37 - 3/4 ton 1953 utility truck
Dodge WC51 light truck
Dodge 1956 Fargo pickup
Dodge Power Wagon W200 light truck
Dodge Ram (1st generation) light pickup
GMC Sierra Custom K25/K30 light pickup
Chevrolet C-10/C-15 Cheyenne light pickup
Chevrolet C-20 Scottsdale light pickup
Chevrolet C/K 3rd generation pickup truck
Nissan Patrol 160-Series pickup
Datsun 720 pickup truck
Suzuki Jimny LJ20 1st generation off-road mini SUV
Gurgel Sport utility vehicle (SUV)
Jeep Wagoneer full-size Sport utility vehicle (SUV)
Jeep Gladiator J20 pickup truck
M880/M890 Series CUCV
Toyota Dyna U10-series light-duty truck
Toyota U10-series route van (minibus)
M718A1 military ambulance
Chevrolet/GMC G-Series third generation van (used as military ambulance)
Volkswagen Type 2 Transporter minibus (used as military ambulance)
Volkswagen Type 2 Transporter Pickup
AIL M325 Command Car ("Nun-Nun")
Mercedes-Benz Unimog 406 and 416 light trucks
GAZ-66 light truck
Chevrolet Series 50 light-duty truck
Dodge 600 medium-duty truck
GMC C7500 medium-duty truck
Bedford RL lorry
GMC CCKW 2½ ton cargo truck
M35A1 and M35A2 2-1/2 ton cargo trucks
ZIL-131 truck
Isuzu TW truck
Saviem SM8 TRM 4000 truck
Berliet GBC 8KT heavy-duty truck
M813 5-ton cargo truck
Faun L912/21-MUN heavy cargo truck
M54A2 5-ton heavy cargo truck
KrAZ-255 heavy cargo truck
M5A1 artillery tractor
Car bomb
Suicide truck-bomb
Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama II light helicopter
Aérospatiale SA 316B/C Alouette III light helicopter
Aérospatiale SA 330C Puma medium transport/utility helicopter
Aérospatiale SA-342L Gazelle helicopter (used mainly in the gunship role)
Agusta-Bell AB212 utility transport
Dassault Mirage IIIEL fighter jet
Potez CM.170R Fouga Magister jet trainer (used mainly in the fighter-bomber role)
Hawker Hunter FGA.70 and FGA.70A fighter jets (used mainly in the fighter-bomber role)
Scottish Aviation Bulldog T-1 Model 126 trainer (used also in the reconnaissance/observation role)
EDIC III-class Landing craft tank
Fairey Marine Tracker MkII Class patrol boat
Dabur-1 class patrol boat
Zodiac rubber inflatable boat
Converted civilian fishing craft (fitted with Heavy machine-guns)
