A voltameter or coulometer is a scientific instrument used for measuring quantity of electricity (electric charge). The SI unit of quantity of electricity is the coulomb.
Contents
- Types of voltameter
- Silver voltameter
- Copper voltameter
- Sulphuric acid voltameter
- Historical derivation of the name
- References
The voltameter should not be confused with a voltmeter, which measures electric potential. The SI unit for electric potential is the volt.
Types of voltameter
The voltameter is an electrolytic cell and the measurement is made by weighing the element deposited or released at the cathode in a specified time.
Silver voltameter
This is the most accurate type. It consists of two silver plates in a solution of silver nitrate. When current is flowing, silver dissolves at the anode and is deposited at the cathode. The cathode is initially massed, current is passed for a measured time and the cathode is massed again.
Copper voltameter
This is similar to the silver voltameter but the anode and cathode are copper and the solution is copper sulfate, acidified with sulfuric acid. It is cheaper than the silver voltameter, but slightly less accurate.
Sulphuric acid voltameter
The anode and cathode are platinum and the solution is dilute sulphuric acid. Hydrogen is released at the cathode and collected in a graduated tube so that its volume can be measured. The volume is adjusted to standard temperature and pressure and the mass of hydrogen is calculated from the volume. This kind of voltameter is sometimes called Hofmann voltameter.
Historical derivation of the name
Faraday used an apparatus that he termed a "volta-electrometer"; subsequently Daniell called this a "voltameter".