 | ||
Vintage musical equipment is older music gear, including instruments, amplifiers and effects pedals, usually sought after, maintained and used by avid collectors, record producers, audio engineers and musicians. While any piece of equipment of sufficient age can be considered vintage, in the 2010s, the term is typically applied to instruments and gear from the 1980s and earlier. Guitars, amps, pedals, electric keyboards, sound recording equipment (e.g., reel to reel tape decks and microphones) from the 1950s to 1970s are particularly sought out. Musical equipment from the 1940s and prior eras is rare and expensive, and as such, it tends to be sought out mainly by museums or serious collectors.
Contents
Collectible gear is either known for its sound quality, which can be a subjective perspective, rarity, or some unusual aspect. The cost of vintage gear may be higher than the reissued model or its 2010s-era equivalent, depending on the rarity of the item, how high the demand is for it, and the condition. In assessing the condition, minor scuffs or scratches from regular use are not the key issue; instead, a more serious issue is whether the original parts have been replaced with non-vintage equipment. If a vintage item contains substantial new parts, this will usually reduce its value, because new parts may not produce the same "tone" or "feel" as original parts. As well, for instruments that were previously owned by music celebrities such as Keith Richards or Jimi Hendrix, even burn marks or other serious damage may not harm the value.
Background
Many individuals and institutions have maintained collections of musical instruments and paraphernalia for centuries and these collections ranged from antique or rare artifacts to samplings of musical items from cultures around the globe. In the last 19th century, American archaeologist Henry Chapman Mercer began a collection of then-contemporary musical instruments (among other things) with the intent of preserving them, knowing that the onset of industrialization would change their manufacture. Now antiques housed in the Mercer Museum, in their day Mercer's collection could have been deemed "ephemera" and is a precursor to the modern trend in vintage collecting.
As the post-industrial 20th century ushered in amplified and electronic music, much of the manufacture of musical instruments was still done by hand. Because instrument makers and inventors were always revising their technology, or because a new technology superseded the old, or because a competitor made a more successful product, or because the demand for some products was low, many editions of instruments, amplifiers and musical gadgets were made in limited quantity. These, and other gear made in larger supply that remained in high regard among musicians, created a collectors market in the late 20th century that became known as "vintage" and was associated with popular music, distinct from the antique collectors market that focused on classical music or indigenous instruments.
Guitars
As early as the 1970s, musicians and collectors began to recognize the value of older instruments. Among guitar aficionados, the mass production of both acoustic and electric guitars served to highlight the quality workmanship and materials of older instruments. Historians, such as George Gruhn, helped to codify both the monetary value and sound quality of these guitars for both collectors and musicians.
Examples of well-known vintage electric guitars include 1950s and 1960s era models like the Fender Stratocaster and Telecaster, and the Gibson Les Paul. Also collectible are certain Vox, Gretsch, Rickenbacker, and Epiphone instruments. An example of a well-known vintage bass guitar is a 1950s or 1960s era Fender Precision Bass. Although less well-known and not as financially valuable, older electric guitars under the names of Harmony, Danelectro or Kay are becoming increasingly collectible.
Examples of well-known vintage acoustic guitars include Martin and Gibson models typically built prior to the 1970s, 1920s to 1930s Nationals and Dobros, and 1930s era Recording Kings, among others.
Keyboards
Prior to the popularity of electronic music, the Hammond organ was a staple instrument in jazz, blues and early rock and roll up through the 1970s. Booker T. Jones famously played in on many recordings for Stax Records that helped define the sound of soul music in the 1960s that later musicians would want to achieve by adopting a Hammond of their own.Mark Vail (2002-04-10). The Hammond organ - Beauty in the B. Keyboard musician's library. Backbeat Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-87930-705-9.
Musical synthesizers first came to popular music in the 1960s and evolved through the 1970s and 1980s. Because the technology was changing so quickly, many synthesizers were manufactured for a very short period of time and would later by sought after by musicians and collectors seeking unique or unusual sounds. Popular brands of vintage sythsizer include Moog, Mellotron, Korg, ARP, and later Roland and Yamaha
Amplifiers
The first guitar amplifiers were made in the 1920s and 1930s using vacuum tubes and speakers to amplify an instrument's sound. These tube amps remained the standard until the 1970s when transistors became cheaper to manufacture and maintain and lighter in weight. During the 1980s, when most guitar amps being manufactured used "solid state" semiconductor technology, many musicians seeking an older style of sound favored older amps that used vacuum tubes. Popular vintage models include the Fender Showman, Bassman and Vibroverb amps, and older models made by Ampeg, Gibson, Marshall, and Vox, as well as other smaller companies such as Valco, Danelectro, and Premier. By the 1990s, many of these amplifiers had become so popular and sought after, that manufacturers began to reissue some models, while newer, smaller companies built new amps that boasted a "vintage sound". Some recording studios have a selection of the most popular vintage guitar combo amps, amp heads and speaker stacks.
Effects pedals
When electronic transistors began to replace vacuum tubes, it became possible to fit aural effects circuits into a portable device. These first effects pedals —or "stompboxes", so called because a guitarist would stomp on one to activate it—were manufactured in the early 1960s and became popular through groups like The Kinks and The Rolling Stones by the middle of the decade. Early pedals mainly created a distortion or "fuzz-tone" effect, but with the arise of psychedelic rock, more esoteric effects became popular. Warwick Electronics manufactured the first wah-wah pedal in 1967 and that same year Roger Mayer issued the first octave effect,
The following year saw the arrival of Univox's phase shifter and chorus effect. These pedals became favorite effects of guitarists like Jimi Hendrix and Robin Trower. By the mid-1970s a variety of solid-state effects pedals including flangers, chorus pedals, ring modulators and phase shifters were available.
While digitized rack units became the standard for popular artists in the 1980s, older effects pedals were preferred by punk and garage rock bands. Seattle grunge rockers Mudhoney celebrated these roots on their 1988 EP Superfuzz Bigmuff, named for two of the band's favorite guitar effects pedals: the Univox Super-Fuzz and the Electro-Harmonix Big Muff, which helped to provide the band's signature "dirty" sound. When fellow grungers Nirvana made it big in 1991', interest in vintage pedals grew among their fans.