Samiksha Jaiswal (Editor)

Upper Amazon Arawakan

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Geographic distribution
  
Northern Amazon

Glottolog
  
inla1264

Linguistic classification
  
Arawakan Northern Upper Amazonian Arawakan

Subdivisions
  
Western Nawiki Eastern Nawiki Central (Orinoco) Manao

The Upper Amazon Maipurean languages, a.k.a. North Amazonian or Inland Northern Maipuran, are Arawakan languages of the northern Amazon in Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Brazil.

Contents

Upper Amazon Arawakan is surveyed comprehensively by Henri Ramirez (2001), which includes a historical reconstruction as well.

Kaufman (1994)

Kaufman (1994) gives the following breakdown (Aikhenvald's names of branches in parentheses):

  • Western Nawiki (Colombian)
  • Wainumá group (†)
  • Wainumá (†)
  • Mariaté (†)
  • Anauyá (†)
  • Piapoko group
  • Achagua (Achawa)
  • Piapoco
  • Amarizana (†)
  • Caviyari (Cabiyarí) (†?)
  • Warekena group
  • Guarequena (Warekena)
  • Mandahuaca (Mandawaka)
  • Río Negro group (†)
  • Jumana (Yumana) (†)
  • Pasé (†)
  • Cawishana (†)
  • Yucuna group
  • Yucuna (Jukuna)
  • Guarú (†)
  • Eastern Nawiki (Upper Rio Negro)
  • Tariana
  • Karu group
  • Kurripako (a.k.a. Ipeka-Tapuia-Curripako)
  • Baniwa (Carútana-Baniwa)
  • Katapolítani-Moriwene-Mapanai (Kadaupuritana)
  • Resígaro (†?)
  • Central Upper Amazon (Orinoco) (†)
  • Baré group (†)
  • Marawá (†)
  • Baré (†)
  • Guinao (†)
  • Yavitero group (†)
  • Yavitero (†)
  • Baniva (Baniwa)
  • Maipure (†)
  • Manao (Middle Rio Negro) (†)
  • Manao (†)
  • Kariaí (Cariyai) (†)

    • He leaves the following Upper Amazon languages unclassified:

  • Shiriana (Xiriâna), Yabaána (†), Waraikú (Araikú) (†), Wiriná (†)

    • Aikhenvald (1999)

    Aikhenvald (1999) classified a couple languages Kaufman left out (Shiriana, Yabaâna), but leaves several of his Western Nawiki languages and branches unclassified. Several languages—Maipure, Resígaro, Cawishana, Mandahuaca, and Guarequena—are moved. She treats the Yucuna, Karu (Baniwa), and Bare groups as single languages.

  • Western Nawiki (Colombian)
  • Maipure (†)
  • Resígaro (†?)
  • Achagua (Achawa)
  • Piapoco
  • Caviyari (Cabiyarí) (†?)
  • Yucuna (Jukuna) (dialect: Guarú (†))
  • Eastern Nawiki (Upper Rio Negro)
  • Tariana
  • Baniwa (Carútana-Baniwa) (dialects: Curripako, Catapolítani)
  • Guarequena (Warekena)
  • Central Upper Amazon (Orinoco) (†)
  • Mandahuaca (Mandawaka)
  • Yabaâna (†)
  • Baré (†) (dialect: Guinao)
  • Yavitero (†)
  • Baniwa of Guainia (Abane)
  • Manao (Middle Rio Negro) (†)
  • Manao (†)
  • Shiriana (Xiriâna)
  • Cawishana (Kaiʃana) (†)

    • Unclassified (†): Wainumá, Mariaté, Anauyá, Amarizana, Jumana (Yumana), Pasé, Kariaí (Cariyai), Waraikú (Araikú), Wiriná. Cabre (Cavare) was found in the area of the Western Nawiki languages, but only a few words are known. The "Ponares language" listed in Ethnologue may have been Piapoco or Achagua.

    References

    Upper Amazon Arawakan Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA