United Nations Dispute Tribunal

Procedures

As a first step in the formal system, a staff member who wishes to contest an administrative decision will have to request a management evaluation. When no resolution through informal means can be arrived at, and when the result of the management evaluation is not to the satisfaction of the staff member, the staff member can file an application to the United Nations Dispute Tribunal.

The UN Dispute Tribunal examines the facts of the case, and conducts, where necessary, oral proceedings. These proceedings are normally held in public. Cases before the Dispute Tribunal are usually considered by a single judge, but in cases that are particularly complex or important a three-judge panel may be convened.The judgments of the Dispute Tribunal are binding. The full text of the Statute of the UN Dispute Tribunal is contained in the annex to General Assembly resolution A/RES/63/253.

UNDT Registries

UN Dispute Tribunal has registries in New York City, Geneva and Nairobi. The geographical coverage of these is as follows:

Records of Dispute Tribunal

Parties to the proceedings, i.e., the Applicant and the Respondent, have full access to all Judicial records which are defined as "Case-related materials which form part of the official case record of the Tribunal as kept by the Registry, including, but not limited to,filings made by parties in the cases, issuances of the Tribunal, transcripts, audio and video recordings of hearings and exhibits admitted in the cases." The custodian of the records of the Dispute Tribunal is the Registry. Access to audio-visual recordings of oral proceedings, is subject to "the need to protect personal data", and are granted, usually through electronic means, on a written request addressed to the Registrar.

Relative Rank and Power of Judges

The judges in the tribunal are given an administrative rank, and protocol status, which is below Assistant Secretary General. The relatively low rank of judges, according to the New York Times, makes those higher in UN hierarchy feel that it is "beneath them" to answer to the tribunal. Judges do not have power to declare people who do not do its bidding in contempt of court, and are thus dependent on the UN Secretariat to act in good faith in its dealings with the Tribunal. Judge Michael F. Adams, an Australian judge, at the end of his tenure in the tribunal commenting on accountability in UN system observed “Someone in the position of Under Secretary General is never confronted with the requirement that particular questions be answered.” There have been cases in which the orders of the judge to produce documents and witnesses, have been ignored by the United Nations. The United Nations response to the tribunal has, its critic argue, been contradictory, even hypocritical, in view of the organizations standing as the international guardian and promoter of rule of law. George Irving, a former lawyer with over 30 years of experience of the UN Justice system, said, “The organization has to decide from the S.G. on down whether this is an organization that respects the rule of law or not”.

UNDT Judges

The UN Dispute Tribunal operates on a full-time basis.The UNDT is composed of "three full-time Judges, two half-time Judges and three ad litem judges". The Judges are appointed by the General Assembly. The current composition of the Tribunal is as follows:

Full Time Judges

1. New York: Ms. Memooda Ebrahim-Carstens (Botswana) - three-year term
2. Nairobi: Mr. Vinod Boolell (Mauritius) - seven-year term
3. Geneva: Mr. Thomas Laker (Germany) - seven-year term

Half Time Judges

1. Half-time: Sir Goolam Hoosen Kader Meeran (United Kingdom) - three-year term
2. Ms. Coral Shaw (New Zealand) - seven-year term

Ad litem judges

Ad litem judges

1. Geneva: Mr. Jean-François Cousin (France)
2. Nairobi: Ms. Nkemdilim Amelia Izuako (Nigeria)

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