Name Ulugh Muhammad | Died 1445, Kazan, Russia | |
Children Qasim Khan, Maxmud of Kazan Grandchildren Daniyar Khan, Ibrahim of Kazan, Xalil of Kazan Great grandchildren Ilham Ghali of Kazan, Ghabdellatif of Kazan, Moxammadamin of Kazan People also search for Qasim Khan, Maxmud of Kazan, Dawlat Berdi, Edigu, Ibrahim of Kazan, Xalil of Kazan, Daniyar Khan | ||
Ulugh Muhammad (died 1445) (Urdu; Persian; Arabic: الغ محمد ; Tatar: Oluğ Möxämmäd, Russian: Olugh Mokhammad), written as Ulanus by orientalists, was twice Khan of the Golden Horde and founder of the Khanate of Kazan.
Contents
Reign
Ulugh Muhammad first came to power following the death of Yeremferden. His main competitor for control of the Horde was his cousin Dawlat Berdi, The son of Yeremferden. For much of his reign Ulugh Muhammad controlled Sarai, and was therefore seen as the more legitimate ruler within the Horde, although it was captured by his rival after the Siege of Sarai in 1420 and held by him for two years.
In 1422 Baraq Khan defeated both Ulugh Muhammad and Dawlat and drove them out of the country. while Dawlat remained in the outskirts of Crimea, Ulugh Muhammad fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and plead for assistance from Vytautas the Great. With this assistance he was able to march on Baraq and capture Sarai.
After regaining control over the Khanate, Ulugh Muhammad marched on Crimea, where Dawlat Berdi had re-established himself following Baraq's defeat and death. After a series of indecisive skirmishes his invasion was cut short due to the death of Vytautas, which forced Ulugh Muhammad to concentrate his forces on Lithuania, where he supported Sigismund Kęstutaitis against Švitrigaila in the fight for the Lithuanian throne. Svitrigaila in turn supported Dawlat Berdi and later Sayid Ahmad I, as did Vasili II of Russia.
Ulugh Muhammad lost control of the Golden Horde again in the late 1430s and fled east, where he captured Kazan and founded the Khanate of Kazan. From that location he waged a series of successful wars against Muscovy which culminated in the capture and ransom of Vasili II.
Family
Ulugh Muhammad was most likely the son of Jalal ad-Din khan, and the grandson of Tokhtamysh, although he may have been descended from Hassan Jefai, a relative of Tokhtamysh. Either way, he was a descendant of Jochi and therefore of Genghis Khan.