Uganda competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. The nation returned to the Olympic Games after boycotting the 1976 Summer Olympics.
John Mugabi — Boxing, Men's WelterweightMen's 4x400 metres Relay
Pius Olowo, Charles Dramiga, John Akii-Bua, and Silver AyooHeat — 3:07.0 (→ did not advance)Men's 400 m Hurdles
John Akii-BuaHeat — 50.87Semifinals — 51.10 (→ did not advance)Men's Long Jump
Fidelis NdyabagyeQualification — no mark (→ no ranking)Men's Javelin Throw
Justin AropQualification — 82.68 mFinal — 77.34 m (→ 12th place)Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
Charles LubulwaFirst Round — ByeSecond Round — Lost to György Gedó (Hungary) after referee stopped contest in first roundMen's Bantamweight (– 54 kg)
John SiryakibbeFirst Round — ByeSecond Round — Defeated Aleksandr Radev (Bulgaria) after referee stopped contest in first roundThird Round — Defeated Ali ben Maghenia (France) on points (5-0)Quarter Finals — Lost to Bernardo Piñango (Venezuela) after knock-out in second roundMen's Lightweight (– 60 kg)
Geofrey NyekoFirst Round — ByeSecond Round — Lost to Richard Nowakowski (East Germany) after referee stopped contest in first roundMen's Light-Welterweight (– 63,5 kg)
John MundugaFirst Round — Defeated Nelson José Rodriguez (Venezuela) on points (4-1)Second Round — Lost to Farouk Jawad (Iraq) after knock-out in first roundMen's Welterweight (– 67 kg)
John Mugabi — Silver MedalFirst Round — Defeated Georges Koffi (Congo) after knock-out in first roundSecond Round — Defeated Paul Rasamimanana (Madagascar) after knock-out in second roundQuarterfinals — Defeated Mehmet Bogujevci (Yugoslavia) after knock-out in first roundSemifinals — Defeated Kazimierz Szczerba (Poland) on points (3-2)Final — Lost to Andrés Aldama (Cuba) on points (1-4) 
