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The term uberisation defines a transition to an operational model which enables economic agents to exchange under-utilised ed capacity of existing assets or human resources with close to zero transaction cost.
Contents
Uberisation is a term derived from the company name Uber. The company developed a mobile application that allows consumers to submit a trip request which is then routed to Uber drivers who use their own cars. The term refers to the utilisation of computing platforms, such as mobile applications, in order to facilitate peer to peer transactions between clients and providers of a service, often bypassing the role of centrally planned corporations. The model has different operating costs compared to a traditional business.
Background
Uberisation has been made possible by the development of digital technologies developed in the 20th and 21st centuries. Business organisations such as Uber, GrabCar, and Airbnb enable potential customers to be put into direct contact with potential providers of a service. The phenomenon of uberisation is characterised by the elimination or quasi-elimination of middle man roles.
Uberised business formats are characterised by the following elements:
Prevalence
Uberisation has, as of yet, taken place in a limited but growing amount of industries. For example, with the advent of Airbnb, the hospitality industry has been transformed to a large extent, estimated by industry analysts to have a total annual value, just in New York City, of over US$2.1 billion. Whilst uberisation has been criticised as potentially catalysing a chaotic shift by undermining existing corporate models in the hospitality and taxi industries, existing companies in industries such as marketing can use the phenomenon to reduce expenses and provide more specialised services for customers.
Examples
Notable examples of uberisation include:
Ethical concerns
The phenomenon of uberisation has been criticised for its role in facilitating the decline of labour-intensive industries, and hence for threatening jobs.
Uberisation has also raised concerns over government regulations and taxation, insofar as the formalised application of the sharing economy has led to disputes over the extent to which the provider of services via an uberised platform should be held accountable to corporate regulations and tax obligations.