Tretyakov, Tretiakov (Russian: Третьяков) (masculine) or Tretyakova (Russian: Третьякова) (feminine) is a common Russian surname which means literally '[son] of the third child (son) in family'. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksandr Tretyakov (skeleton racer) (born 1985), Russian skeleton racerVitaliy Tretyakov (born 1981), digital artist, illustrator, graphic designerNikolai Tretyakov (1854–1917), Russian generalPavel Tretyakov (1832–1898), Russian businessman and art collectorSergei Tretyakov (arts patron) died 1892, Russian art collector and patron, brother of PavelSergei Tretyakov (writer) (1892–1937), Russian writerSergei Tretyakov (intelligence officer) (1956–2010), Russian spy and defectorViktor Tretyakov (born 1946), Russian violinist and conductorVitaly Tretyakov (born 1953), Russian journalistValery Tretyakov (disambiguation), several people