Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta. Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits.
The phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project.
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
?Candidatus Treponema suis Molbak et al. 2006
?Treponema calligyrum ♠ Noguchi
?Treponema carateum ♥ (pinta causing Treponema)
?Treponema minutum ♦ Dobell 1912
?Treponema pallidum ♦ (Schaudinn and Hoffmann 1905) Schaudinn 1905
T. p. endemicum ♠ Smibert 1984 (bejel causing Treponema)
T. p. pallidum ♠ (Schaudinn and Hoffmann 1905) Schaudinn 1905 (syphilis causing Treponema)
T. p. pertenue ♠ Smibert 1984 (yaws causing Treponema)
?Treponema paraluisleporis ♠ Lumeij et al. 1994
?Treponema paraluiscuniculi ♦ (Jacobsthal 1920) Smibert 1974
?Treponema pertenue ♦ (Castellani 1905) Castellani & Chalmers 1910
?Treponema phagedenis ♠
T. p. phagedenis ♠ (Noguchi 1912) Brumpt
T. p. vaccae ♠ Evans et al. 2006
?Treponema refringens ♠ (Schaudinn and Hofmann 1905) Castellani and Chalmers
?Treponema vincentii ♠ Smibert 1984
?Treponema zioleckii ♠ Piknova et al. 2008
Treponema amylovorum Wyss et al. 1997
Treponema azotonutricium Graber et al. 2004
Treponema berlinense Nordhoff et al. 2005
Treponema brennaborense Schrank et al. 1999
Treponema bryantii Stanton and Canale-Parola 1980
Treponema caldarium (Pohlschroeder et al. 1995) Abt, Göker & Klenk 2013
Treponema denticola (ex Flügge 1886) Chan et al. 1993
Treponema isoptericolens Dröge et al. 2008
Treponema lecithinolyticum Wyss et al. 1999
Treponema maltophilum Wyss et al. 1996
Treponema medium ♦ Umemoto et al. 1997
T. m. bovis ♠ Evans et al. 2006
T. m. medium ♠ Umemoto et al. 1997
Treponema parvum Wyss et al. 2001
Treponema pectinovorum Smibert and Burmeister 1983
Treponema pedis Evans et al. 2009
Treponema porcinum Nordhoff et al. 2005
Treponema primitia Graber et al. 2004
Treponema putidum Wyss et al. 2004
Treponema saccharophilum Paster and Canale-Parola 1986
Treponema socranskii Smibert et al. 1984
T. s. paredis Smibert et al. 1984
T. s. buccale Smibert et al. 1984
T. s. socranskii Smibert et al. 1984
Treponema stenostreptum (Zuelzer 1912) Abt, Göker & Klenk 2013
Treponema succinifaciens Cwyk and Canale-Parola 1981
Treponema zuelzerae (ex Veldkamp 1960) Canale-Parola 1980 emend. Abt, Göker & Klenk 2013
Notes:
♦ Type strain lost or not available
♠ Strains found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)
♥ Strains not lodged at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) or listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)
The species Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens have been reclassified into Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens.
