Trans Java toll road

Background

Two centuries ago (1810–1825), the Dutch East Indies colonial government constructed the Great Post Road (De Groote Postage), stretching 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) from Anyer in the current Banten province to Panarukan in Situbondo, East Java. In the 1990s, the Indonesian government launched the construction of a similar road, the Trans-Java Toll Road, which will stretch over 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), from Anyer in the west, to Banyuwangi at the tip of East Java.

Tangerang–Merak Toll Road

The length of the Tangerang–Merak Toll Road is 72.45 kilometres (45.02 mi). Although this road has been operating since 1981, it continues to lose money because traffic is lower than expected. From 2005-2009, Astratel Nusantara (a subsidiary of Astra International) acquired the concession to build and manage this section of the toll road.

In January 2012, a 1 metre (3.3 ft) flood submerged the toll road at kilometer 58–59, making the road inaccessible to trucks, so the road was rerouted. This caused a traffic jam of up to 35 kilometres (22 mi). Around 2,000 flood refugees occupied the shoulder of the toll road at that time.

Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road

The length of the Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road is 33 kilometres (21 mi), and it is operated by Jasa Marga. By January 2011, the number of vehicles using this highway reached more than 250,000 per day. To ease congestion, the toll road was expanded to 3 lanes in each direction.

Jakarta Inner & Outer Ring roads

Jakarta Inner Ring Road is connected directly with the Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road at Cawang/Halim. At Tomang, a non-toll road connects the Inner Ring Road with Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road. The length of the Inner Ring Road is 50.6 kilometres (31.4 mi). It is operated by Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada (IDX:CMNP), which controls 55% of the shares, and PT Jasa Marga (IDX:JSMR), which controls the remaining 45%. In 2010, PT CMNP received 93% of the company revenue from this toll road.

Jakarta Outer Ring Road (JORR) is connected with the Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road at Kebon Jeruk and with Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road at Cikunir. JORR is a 7-section toll road spanning 65 kilometres (40 mi).

The W1 section (JORR-W1) between Penjaringan and Kebon Jeruk is operated by PT Nusantara Infrastructure Tbk (IDX:META) while the rest is operated by PT Jasa Marga.

The W2 section (JORR-W2), between Kebon Jeruk and Ulujami, is almost 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long and has 4 sections: section 1 from Kebun Jeruk (Kembangan) to South Meruya is 1.95 kilometres (1.21 mi); section 2 from South Meruya to Joglo is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi); section 3 from Joglo to Ciledug is 2.35 kilometres (1.46 mi); and section 4 from Ciledug to Ulujami is 2.07 kilometres (1.29 mi). The concession for JORR-W2 is held by PT Marga Lingkar Jaya (MLJ) which is a joint-venture company. PT Marga Lingkar Jakarta owns 50% of PT MLJ and Jakarta Marga Jaya owns 35%. Sections 1, 2, and 3 of the JORR-W2, from Kebun Jeruk to Ciledug, were opened on December 27, 2013, while Section 4 was opened on July 21, 2014. With the completion of the W2 section, 53.24 kilometers of toll road between Rorotan and Penjaringan were fully connected. The toll road can hold about 100,000 vehicles per day and is expected to ease about 30% of the congestion on the Jakarta Inner Ring Toll Road.

The section between Koja and Tanjung Priok Port consists of 5 sub-sections and is predicted to be completed by mid-2015:

To reduce traffic jams, trucks with a weight of 5 tonnes and above are not allowed to use the Cawang-Semanggi-Pluit segments from 05:00am to 10:00pm.

Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road

The Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road is operated by Jasa Marga. The west part of the toll road, near Jakarta, consists of 4 lanes in one direction and 3 lanes in the other direction. This toll road is considered to be one of the most profitable in Java; it collected an average of 2 billion rupiahs (Rp) per day in tolls. The Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road is heavily congested as it connects Jakarta and several of its satellite cities like Bekasi and Karawang. It also connects to the main routes to Bandung and the North Coast Road.

PT Lippo Cikarang Tbk (IDX:LPCK) and PT Kawasan Industri Jababeka Tbk (IDX:KIJA) constructed a new tollroad gate (Cibatu Gate) at km 34.700 with a 1.5 kilometer access road to their industrial complexes. The tollroad gate was officially opened on April 5, 2014.

Cikampek–Palimanan Toll Road

The Cikampek–Palimanan Toll Road (Cikopo-Palimanan (Cipali) Toll Road) is the longest toll road in Indonesia, at 116 kilometres (72 mi). It runs through Cikopo, Kalijati, Subang, Cikedung, Kertajati, Sumberjaya and Palimanan. Total investment in the toll road reached Rp 12.8 trillion (US $1 billion) and the main investor is PT Lintas Marga Sedaya, a subsidiary of PT Surya Semesta Internusa Tbk (IDX:SSIA). Construction started on December 8, 2011, after eight national and international banks committed to providing funds for the project. The toll road was formally opened on June 13, 2015. It allows drivers to travel from Cikampek to Cirebon in 1.5 hours instead of 3.5 hours, and is projected to ease traffic on the North Coast Road by 50%.

In the first week that the road was open, 15 accidents occurred and 3 people were killed. By July 8, 2015 (three weeks after the toll road was opened), there were 56 accidents with 12 people killed. Most of the accidents were caused by driver errors such as sleep-deprived driving, speeding, and using the emergency lane at high speed.

Palimanan–Kanci Toll Road

The length of the Palimanan–Kanci Toll Road is 26.3 kilometres (16.3 mi). It is operated by Jasa Marga.

Kanci–Pejagan Toll Road

The Kanci–Pejagan Toll Road was formally opened on January 26, 2010 and was operated originally by PT Bakrie Toll Road, a subsidiary of PT Bakrieland Development Tbk (IDX:ELTY), but in December, 2012, the shares were sold to PT Media Nusantara Citra (MNC) Group. At end of 2015, Waskita Karya has 99.99 percent shares of the toll road.

Pejagan–Pemalang Toll Road

The Pejagan–Pemalang Toll Road is 57.5 kilometres (35.7 mi) and was built with an investment of about Rp 5.5 trillion. The concession for the road was held by PT Bakrie Toll Road, which is owned by Aburizal Bakrie, but in December, 2012, the shares were sold to MNC Group. On July 16, 2014, PT Waskita Toll Road, a subsidiary of PT Waskita Karya Tbk (IDX:WSKT), bought all shares of the toll road.

Construction on Sections I and II of the toll road began on July 23, 2014. On June 16, 2016 Section I & II of Pejagan-Pemalang Toll Road has been formally opened/operated.

The toll road consists of 4 sections:

Pemalang–Batang Toll Road

Land acquisition for the Pemalang–Batang Toll Road was only at 1.63% in February, 2012. The concession was given to PT Pemalang Batang Toll Road for 39 kilometres (24 mi) for an investment of about Rp 4.0 trillion. As of mid-April 2015, there was little progress in land acquisition, so the government set a deadline end of 2015, after which the permit would be cancelled.

Batang–Semarang Toll Road

The length of Batang–Semarang Toll Road is 75 kilometres (47 mi) with a cost of Rp 7.21 trillion ($0.8 billion). Initially the concession was owned by PT Bakrie Toll Road, but in December, 2012, the shares were sold to MNC Group. In April 2016, Jasamarga Semarang Batang which owned by Jasamarga 60 percent and Waskita Karya 40 percent got the concession for 45 years through government tender due to there are no progress of the toll road when it has been held by previous owners.

The toll road consists of five sections:

All the acquisition lands are predicted will be acquired in February 2017 and the toll road is predicted will be used for 2017 Eid Al-Fitr.

Semarang–Solo Toll Road

The Semarang–Solo Toll Road is 72.64 kilometres (45.14 mi). It is operated by PT Trans Marga Jateng, a joint-venture company owned by PT Sarana Pembangunan Jawa Tengah (40%) and PT Jasa Marga (IDX:JSMR) Tbk (60%).

Section E1, which is 11.3 kilometres (7.0 mi), was officially opened for commercial operation on November 12, 2011. Section II (Ungaran–Bawen), is 11.95 kilometres (7.43 mi) and was opened on April 4, 2014. Section III (Bawen-Salatiga) will be 17.6 kilometres (10.9 mi) and in mid-June 2016 has been finished 86 percent.

Solo–Kertosono Toll Road

Solo–Kertosono Toll Road connects to Semarang-Solo Toll Road at its west end, and to Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road at its east end. Originally, Soker Toll Road, with a total length of 176.7 kilometres (109.8 mi), was two roads, Solo–Mantingan–Ngawi Toll Road and Ngawi–Kertosono Toll Road. The length of Solo–Mantingan–Ngawi Toll Road is 90.1 kilometres (56.0 mi), while the length of Ngawi–Kertosono is 86.6 kilometres (53.8 mi). During the bidding process, only one investor, PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia, expressed an interest in both toll roads. On June 28, 2011, the Toll Road Concession Agreement (PPJT) amendment was signed in Jakarta. With this concession agreement, segment Solo-Mantingan-Ngawi was given to PT Solo–Ngawi Jaya, while segment Ngawi–Kertosono was given to PT Ngawi–Kertosono Jaya. Both of these companies are subsidiaries of PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia. Since both toll road concessions have been awarded to the same company, these two roads are usually referred to as Solo–Kertosono Toll Road, or Soker Toll Road. The road will pass through eight regions: Boyolali Regency, Karanganyar Regency, Solo City, Sragen Regency in Central Java Province, and Ngawi, Madiun, Nganjuk and Jombang Regency in East Java Province.

When it opens, Solo–Kertosono Toll Road will be the longest toll road in Indonesia. It is the first Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project in Indonesia's infrastructure. The PPP scheme has been used because, for the investor to fully finance the project, its financial internal rate of return on capital is low, at only 12 per cent, and the capital payback period, seen from the perspective of toll road business, will be very long because it is hampered by the people’s ability to pay the toll fees. In terms of financing, the completion of Soker Toll Road will require Rp 10.98 trillion. This will cover the cost of land acquisition (Rp 1.85 trillion), construction undertaken by the government (Rp 3.55 trillion), and construction by the investors (Rp 5.57 trillion).

As part of public-private partnership deal, the government has to build 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) of toll road from Solo to the east and 25 kilometres (16 mi) of toll road from Kertosono to the west. In September 2014, the construction of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Solo was 90% finished.

For the purpose of acquiring the land, Soker Toll Road is divided into 4 sections, Solman I and Solman II in Central Java Province, and Manker I and Manker II in East Java Province. In July 2012, the land acquisition of the each section was about at 65%. Although the land acquisition is unfinished, construction of section 1 has begun.

The construction in the government-supported portion of the road started in 2009 in the Solo area. By the end of 2011, Begawan Solo Bridge on Soker Toll Road was completed. The Karangturi overpass is completed, along with 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) of toll road. The year-by-year activity is as follows:

In 2012, Rp 610 billion were allocated by the government to build the East Java portion of Soker Toll Road. PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia planned to start construction work on its portion of the road by the end of 2012, however, it is unlikely that the plan could be implemented due to land acquisition problems.

There are different opinions regarding the length of Soker Toll Road. However, according to Brawijaya, Ph.D, the project manager for its construction and the project officer during the design stage, the actual length of Soker Toll Road is longer than often reported. Its total length is 183.3 kilometres (113.9 mi), including its access roads and the additional 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) on the east end. The sections of the Soker toll road are:

1. Colomadu–Karanganyar Section: 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) of access road in Ngasem, Colomadu plus 20.9 kilometres (13.0 mi) of toll road with a total cost of Rp 1.8 trillion (government-support portion)
2. Karanganyar–Saradan Section: 120 kilometres (75 mi) with a total cost of Rp 5.57 trillion (investor portion)
3. Saradan–Kertosono Section: 40.1 kilometres (24.9 mi) with a total cost of Rp 1.7 trillion (government-support portion)

Thus, the total construction cost to the government is Rp 3.55 trillion, and to the investor is Rp 5.57 trillion. The cost of the land increased from Rp 1.85 trillion to Rp 2.2 trillion. In terms of its feasibility, Soker Toll Road has a financial Internal rate of return (IRR) of 17.5% (with government support), and an economic IRR of 22%.

There are four interchanges in Central Java Province, and another four in East Java Province:

In December 2013, the Toll Road Authority Agency gave a default warning to PT Solo Ngawi Jaya, because there had not been sufficient progress on the Solo–Ngawi road construction concession. PT Solo Ngawi Jaya was given one month from the warning date to respond.

In March 2015, 92% of the land for Solo-Ngawi Toll Road and 88% of the land for Ngawi-Kertosono Toll Road had been acquired. The roads are scheduled to open in three years.

Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road

The length of the Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road is 40.5 kilometres (25.2 mi) in 4 sections. Section 1 (Bandar–Jombang) is 14.7 kilometres (9.1 mi); Section 2 (Jombang–West Mojokerto) is 19.9 kilometres (12.4 mi); Section 3 (West Mojokerto–North Mojokerto) is 5.0 kilometres (3.1 mi) kilometers; and Section 4, which connects the toll road to the Ngawi-Kertosonop Toll Road, is 0.9 kilometres (0.56 mi). The concession is held by PT Marga Harjaya Infrastructure (MHI), whose majority owner (95%) is Astratel Nusantara (a subsidiary of Astra International). Maria Harjaya Infrastructure is funding the entire project without bank loans. The toll road was free for a month of trial operation, and on November 20, 2014, Section 1 was opened formally with a tariff of Rp 10,000 for small vehicles. From the opening until the end of December 2014, only about 800 vehicles per day used Section 1, rather than the 11,000 vehicles per day that was predicted. MHI officials suggested that the toll road hasn't been used because it is too short and that the numbers will increase when the other sections open. In November 2016, all the land acquisitions are almost completed with constructions of Section 2 achieved 65 percent and Section 4 about 15 percent, while constructions of Section 3 is almost completed and predicted will be operated before end of 2016.

Mojokerto–Surabaya Toll Road

The length of the Mojokerto–Surabaya Toll Road is 36.27 kilometres (22.54 mi), and is also known as Sumo (Surabaya–Mojokerto) Toll Road. It connects with the Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road and the Waru-Juanda Toll Road. The toll road consists of:

Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road

The length of the Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road is 49 kilometres (30 mi), and the concession is owned by PT Jasa Marga. The road is open through Porong, but beyond that a 2-kilometer section of the old Porong Toll Road was damaged by the Lapindo Mudflow on May 29, 2006. To avoid this problem in the future, there is a plan for a new, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), Porong-Gempol Toll Road.

Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road

The length of the Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road is about 34.15 kilometres (21.22 mi). It consists of three sections: Section I, Gempol–Rembang, is 13.9 kilometres (8.6 mi); Section II, Rembang–Pasuruan, is 6.6 kilometres (4.1 mi); and Section III, Pasuruan-Grati, is 13.65 kilometres (8.48 mi). Concession of the toll road is 45 years belong to PT Trans Marga Jatim Pasuruan, a join venture between PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk and PT Jatim Prasarana Utama with composition shares 98,81 percent and 1,19 percent respectively.

On March 31, 2017 a part of the toll road from Bangil to Rembang with 7.9 kilometers length is opened for trial operation. Other toll roads that relieve congestion in this area are the Kejapanan-Gempol and Gempol-Pandaan Toll Roads which opened in May 2015.

Pasuruan–Probolinggo Toll Road

The length of the Pasuruan–Probolinggo Toll Road is 45 kilometres (28 mi). The concession was owned by PT Bakrie Toll Road, but in December 2012, the shares were sold to MNC Group.

Probolinggo–Situbondo Toll Road

The Probolinggo–Situbondo Toll Road connects Probolinggo with Situbondo.

Situbondo–Banyuwangi Toll Road

The Situbondo–Banyuwangi Toll Road will pass by the Ketapang Ferry Terminal, a harbor that connects Java and Bali.

Jagorawi Toll Road

The Jagorawi Toll Road was the first toll road in Indonesia. It is 59 kilometres (37 mi) and connects Jakarta, Bogor and Ciawi. The Jagorawi Toll Road was built to connect Jakarta and Bandung via Puncak, but since the Purbaleunyi Toll Road opened, it is used primarily for tourists to travel to Puncak. There are plans to extend this toll road to reach Bandung so that there will be two ways to travel from Banding, via Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road and Purbaleunyi Toll Road, or using the Jagorawi Toll Road.

Ciawi–Sukabumi Toll Road

The Ciawi–Sukabumi Toll Road is 54 kilometres (34 mi) and is an expansion of the Jagorawi Toll Road. The full expansion project is to create a second toll route from Jakarta to Bandung. Groundbreaking for Section-1 (Ciawi-Cigombong), which is 15.35 kilometres (9.54 mi), took place on February 9, 2015; all of the necessary land had been acquired by this time. The initial concession for the road belonged to PT Bakrie Toll Road, but it was sold to MNC Group.

Cibitung–Cilincing Toll Road

The 34 kilometres (21 mi) Cibitung–Cilincing Toll Road will run between Cibitung and Cilincing. It will be composed of 4 sections:

From Cibitung it will connect to the Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road, and from Cilincing it will connect to Jakarta Inner Ring Toll Road via the Koja-Tanjung Priok Port Toll Road. The road concession is shared by three companies: MTD Capital Bhd (50%); PT Akses Pelabuhan Indonesia (45%); and PT Nusacipta Eka Pratama (5%). Construction is scheduled to begin in 2016 and the road to open in 2018.

Purbaleunyi Toll Road

Purbaleunyi Toll Road is a combination of Cipularang Toll Road and Padaleunyi Toll Road. In 2012, Purbaleunyi Toll Road was the longest toll road in Indonesia, over 100 kilometres (62 mi). It runs from the north to south with the north end at Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road and the south end at Cisumdawu Toll Road. Since it opened, this toll road has cut the time of car travel from Jakarta to Bandung to 2 hours.

Cisumdawu Toll Road

Cisumdawu Toll Road connects the cities of Cileunyi, Sumedang, and Dawuan. There is a plan to connect this road to Majalengka International Airport.

Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road

The Surabaya–Gresik Toll Road connects Surabaya with Gresik. Gresik is an important port for East Java, and it is the location of PT Semen Gresik (Gresik Cement). This toll road is operated by PT Margabumi Matraraya.

Surabaya–Tanjung Perak Toll Road

The Surabaya–Tanjung Perak Toll Road connects the city of Surabaya with its port at Tanjung Perak.

Waru–Juanda Toll Road

The Waru–Juanda Toll Road connects Surabaya with its airport (Juanda International Airport). This toll road is fully operated by Citra Margatama Surabaya, a subsidiary of Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada.

Juanda–Tanjung Perak Toll Road

The Juanda–Tanjung Perak Toll Road is also called the Surabaya Eastern Ring Road (SERR). It will connect Juanda International Airport with Tanjung Perak Port.

Solo–Yogyakarta Toll Road

The Solo–Yogyakarta Toll Road will connect the cities of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The toll road runs from north to south with the north end connected to the Semarang-Solo Toll Road and the south end connected Yogyakarta-Magelang.

Kanci–Purwokerto-Cilacap Toll Road

The Kanci–Purwokerto-Cilacap Toll Road is known as Middle road ({lang-in|Jalur Tengah|links=no}}). This toll road will be the beginning point of the South coast road tollways. From Cilacap, the tollways will be expanded to Cilacap-Kebumen Toll Road and then to Kebumen-Purworejo Toll Road and Purworejo-Yogyakarta Toll Road