Train T

Design and development

In the 1930s Train introduced a series of air-cooled, inverted in-line piston engines for light aircraft. The T series all used the same cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, valve trains and ignition system, combined into 2 (2T), 4 (4T), and 6 (6T) cylinder units of the same layout. The number of crankshaft bearings (3, 5 or 7) and throws (2, 4 or 6) naturally depended on the number of cylinders, as did the number of cams (4, 8 or 12) on the underhead camshaft. Each cylinder had a swept volume of 0.5 l (30.5 cu in), so the displacements were 1 l (61.0 cu in), 2 l (122.0 cu in) and 3 l (183.1 cu in) and the rated outputs 15 kW (20.1 hp), 30 kW (40.2 hp) and 44.7 kW (60 hp) respectively. The Train 6D was a variant of the 6T with increased bore of 85 mm (3.3 in).

Operational history

Several International 2-litre Class records were set in 1937 by aircraft powered by the Train 4T. On 7 June 1937 M. Duverene averaged 96.0 mph; 83.4 kn (154.5 km/h) 154.5 km/h (96.0 mph; 83.4 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) and 95 km/h (59.0 mph; 51.3 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) in a single engine Kellner-Béchereau E.1. On 27 December 1937 Mme Lafargue reached an altitude of 4,935 m (16,191 ft) in a Touya, setting both a class and a women's record.

It also powered aircraft on some notable cross-country flights; on 30 December 1937 M. Lenee flew a Kellner-Béchereau E.1 from Elde to Biarritz, a distance of 1,229 km (763.7 mi; 663.6 nmi); the same day M. Blazy flew a two-seat SFAN 5 aircraft from Guyancourt to Champniers, Charente, covering 330 km (205.1 mi; 178.2 nmi).

Six Train 4Ts were used in the 2 seat, 18 m (59.1 ft) span Potez-CAMS 160 flying boat, a 1:2.6 scale model of the large Potez-CAMS 161 aircraft.

Variants

From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938 unless noted

Train 2T

2-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 1 l (61.0 cu in), 15 kW (20.1 hp)

Train 4T

4-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 2 l (122.0 cu in), 30 kW (40.2 hp)

Train 6T

6-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 3 l (183.1 cu in), 44.7 kW (60 hp)

Train 6D

6-cylinders, 85 mm (3.35 in), 3.4 l (207.5 cu in), 62 kW (83.1 hp)

Applications

From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938 and www.AviaFrance

4-cylinder models

Brochet MB.50 (4T)

Caudron C.344 (4T)

Chilton D.W.1A (4T)

Druine Aigle 777 (4T)

Duverne-Saran (4T)

Hennion 01 (4A 01)

Kellner-Béchereau E.1 (4T)

Mauboussin Hémiptère (4T)

Morane-Saulnier MS-660 (4E-01)

Nicolas-Claude NC-2 Aquilon (4E-01?)

Payen AP-10 (4T)

Potez-CAMS 160 (4T or 4A-01)

Régnier 12 (4T)

Touya aircraft (4T)

Trébucien Sport (4T)

6-cylinder models

Aubert PA-20 Cigale (6T)

Duverne-Saran (6T)

Kellner-Béchereau EC.4 (6T)

Kellner-Béchereau ED.5 (6T)

SECAT S.4 Mouette (6T)

SFAN 5 (6T)

Volland 10 (6T)

Specifications (4T)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938

General characteristics

Type: 4-cylinder inline inverted air-cooled

Bore: 80 mm (3.15 in)

Stroke: 100 mm (3.94 in)

Displacement: 2.01 L (123 in³))

Length: 670 mm (26.4 in)

Width: 240 mm (9.45 in)

Height: 516 mm (20.3 in)

Dry weight: 46 kg (101 lb)

Components

Valvetrain: Valves directly operated by cams on underhead camshaft, driven from crankshaft via bevel gears. One inlet and one exhaust valve/cylinder.

Fuel system: single carburetter

Ignition system: Choice of one or two magnetos with one or two plugs/cylinder

Oil system: Pumped under pressure from external tank, feeding main bearings and big ends; little ends and piston walls spray fed. Gravity return. Underhead valve gear in full length oil bath.

Cooling system: air

Reduction gear: None

Cylinders: Machined steel barrels with aluminium-bronze heads containing machined valve seat and secured with long bolts to crankcase.

Pistons

Aluminium alloy. Floating gudgeon pins. Three compression and one scraper ring/cylinder

Connecting rods

Forged duralumin with split big ends.

Crankshaft

4-throw steel casting with 5 white metal lined bearings. Front ball race thrust bearing.

Crankcase

Aluminium casting in top and bottom halves, with capped crankshaft bearings in the lower part.

Performance

Power output: Rated 30 kW (40 hp), actual 33 kW (44 hp), both at 2,300 rpm

Specific power: 16.5 kW/L (0.64 hp/in³)

Compression ratio: 6:1

Specific fuel consumption: 322 g/(kW·h) (0.529 lb/(hp·h))

Oil consumption: 61 g/(kW·h) (0.10 lb/(hp·h))

Power-to-weight ratio: 0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb)