Rahul Sharma (Editor)

Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland

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This timeline summarises significant events in the history of Northumbria and Northumberland.

Contents

600

  • 604 Aethelfrith unites Bernicia and Deira to form Northumbria.
  • 625 Paulinus is consecrated as Bishop of York.
  • 638 Gododdin hillfort at Edinburgh is captured by Oswald of Northumbria (see Northumbrian Edinburgh).
  • 664 Synod of Whitby
  • 664 Plague in British Isles travels at least as far north as Lastingham.
  • 685 Loss to Picts at Battle of Dun Nechtain (Nechtansmere) limits northern expansion.
  • 687 Cuthbert, patron saint of Northumbria, dies at his Inner Farne Island hermitage.

    • 700

  • 709 Acca is appointed as Bishop of Hexham.
  • 715 Eadfrith creates the Lindisfarne Gospels.
  • 731 Bede writes the Ecclesiastical History of the English People at Jarrow.
  • 735 Alcuin of York is born, later a major figure in the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne.
  • 793 Vikings raid Lindisfarne.
  • 794 Vikings raid Jarrow.

    • 800

  • 829 Northumbria accepts Egbert of Wessex as overlord.
  • 865 Northumbrians led by Aelle II defeat Ragnar Lodbrok's raiding Vikings.
  • 866 York and southern Northumbria are conquered and settled by the "Great Heathen Army."
  • 867 Aelle II and Osberht join forces only to be defeated at the Battle of York.

    • 900

  • 915 Ealdred I of Bernicia and Constantine II of Scotland are defeated by Vikings in the first Battle of Corbridge.
  • 927 Earldom of Northumbria is created by Athelstan.
  • 937 Athelstan defeats Norse-Celtic force in the battle of Brunanburh.
  • 954 Edinburgh is lost to Scottish king Indulf.
  • 995 Monks from Lindisfarne establish Durham

    • 1000

  • 1018 Lothian is lost to the King of Scots Malcolm II.
  • 1065 The term Northumberland is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
  • 1069 William I ruthlessly suppresses Northumbrian opposition in the Harrying of the North.
  • 1072 William I crosses Northumbria into Scotland, supported by a large fleet, to challenge Malcolm III.
  • 1080 Normans fortify a town on the Tyne, thereafter known as Newcastle.
  • 1089 Northumberland county is created.

    • 1100

  • 1137 Newminster Abbey is founded near Morpeth.
  • 1139 Matilda grants Northumberland north of the Tees to David I of Scotland.
  • 1143 Castle is built at Northallerton.
  • 1157 Henry II reclaims Northumberland from Scotland.
  • 1160 Castle is built at Norham.
  • 1174 While besieging Alnwick, William I of Scotland is captured and imprisoned in Newcastle.

    • 1200

  • 1216 King John orders destruction of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
  • 1237 The Treaty of York defines the northern border of England and Northumberland county.
  • 1296 English force sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed prior to defeating Scots in the Battle of Dunbar
  • 1297 Scots led by William Wallace burn Hexham, Corbridge and Ryton.

    • 1300

  • 1333 Edward III, besieging Berwick-upon-Tweed, defeats Scots in the Battle of Halidon Hill.
  • 1346 Scottish force sacks Hexham prior to defeat at the Battle of Neville's Cross.
  • 1349 Black Plague
  • 1377 Henry Percy becomes first Earl of Northumberland.
  • 1388 Battle of Otterburn

    • 1400

  • 1402 Battle of Humbleton Hill
  • 1403 Henry "Hotspur" Percy is killed at Shrewsbury in battle against Henry IV.
  • 1464 Battle of Hedgeley Moor
  • 1482 Berwick-upon-Tweed last re-captured by England.

    • 1500

  • 1513 English defeat invading Scots at Battle of Flodden Field.
  • 1549 John Knox appointed parish minister in Berwick-upon-Tweed.
  • 1551 John Dudley becomes first Duke of Northumberland.
  • 1569 Earl of Northumberland rebels against Elizabeth I in the Rising of the North.
  • 1597 Plague kills 340 in Newcastle.

    • 1600

  • 1603 Union of crowns under James I
  • 1606 James I transports Border Reivers to Ireland in the Plantation of Ulster.
  • 1640 Scottish Covenanters defeat English force in the Battle of Newburn
  • 1649 14 women are convicted and executed in Newcastle witch trials.

    • 1700

  • 1707 Act of Union joins the Scottish government with that of England and Wales.
  • 1745 Scant Northumberland support for Bonnie Prince Charlie in the second Jacobite rising.
  • 1761 Troops in Hexham shoot 40 miners protesting against conscription.
  • 1782 5th Regiment of Foot named the 5th (The Northumberland) Regiment of Foot.

    • 1800

  • 1800 Bewick publishes British Birds.
  • 1829 Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials.
  • 1838 Grace Darling rescues survivors from a shipwreck off the Farne Islands.
  • 1853 Cholera epidemic kills 1,500 in Newcastle.

    • 1900

  • 1903 Smallpox epidemic hits Newcastle.
  • 1936 Two hundred men march from Jarrow to London to protest about unemployment in the region.
  • 1940 Spitfires from RAF Acklington intercept Luftwaffe bombers off the Farne Islands.
  • 1963 University of Newcastle upon Tyne is established as separate institution.
  • 1966 Epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease strikes Northumberland farms.
  • 1974 The county of Tyne and Wear is created.

    • References

    Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA


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